A detailed morphological analysis of exoskeleton remains of the South American Ordovician phyllocarid crustaceans leads to the recognition of a previously unexpected biodiversity from the Tremadocian up to the Katian. As a result, the genus Caryocaris, as up to now understood, clearly appears to be a comprehensive genus. Taxonomically significant characters are listed and discussed. Two new caryocaridid genera are described: Janviericaris gen. nov., and Ivocaris gen. nov. The diagnosis of the Family Caryocarididae is emended accordingly. In addition to the previous description of Caryocaris acuta Bulman, 1931 from Peru, C. bodenbenderi Aceñolaza & Esteban, 1996 and C. delicata Racheboeuf, Vannier & Ortega, 2000 from Argentina, seven phyllocarid species belonging to five genera are identified from the Tremadocian up to the Sandbian of Argentina and Bolivia. New caryocaridid representatives are Caryocaris acoitensis sp. nov., Ivocaris saltitensis sp. nov., Janviericaris formosa sp. nov. and J. jujuyensis sp. nov.; three other Sandbian and lower Katian forms are provisionally left in open nomenclature as Caryocaris sp. A to C. Ceratiocaridids are represented by the Upper Ordovician genus Pumilocaris Racheboeuf, Vannier & Ortega, 2000, with Pumilocaris granulosa Racheboeuf, Vannier & Ortega, 2000 and Pumilocaris acuta (Bulman, 1931). The familial assignment of the late Tremadocian-Floian genus Rolfecaris gen. nov., represented by Rolfecaris lethiersi sp. nov. and R. parchaensis sp. nov., to the Family Ceratiocarididae still remains uncertain. Caryocaridid phyllocarids have been revealed to be a significantly potential tool for both Ordovician biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography. � Key words: Phyllocarida, crustaceans, biodiversity, biostratigraphy, paleobiogeography, Ordovician, South America.

Racheboeuf, P.R., Crasquin, S. & �Brussa, E. 2009. South American Ordovician phyllocarids (Crustacea, Malacostraca). Bulletin of Geosciences 84(3), 377�408 (16 figures, 2 tables). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received February 26, 2009; accepted in revised form May 27, 2009; published online July 27, 2009; issued September 11, 2009.

Patrick R. Racheboeuf, CNRS � UMR 6538, Domaines Oc�aniques, Universit� Europ�enne de Bretagne, Universit� de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire de Pal�ontologie, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu � C.S. 93837, F-29285 Brest cedex 3, France, patrick.racheboeuf@univ-brest.fr � Sylvie Crasquin, CNRS � UMR 7207, CR2P �Centre de Recherche sur la Pal�obiodiversit� et Pal�oenvironnements�, Universit� Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Micropal�ontologie, T.46-56, E.5, case 104, F-75252 Paris cedex 05, France; sylvie.crasquin@upmc.fr � �Edsel Brussa, CONICET, C�tedra de Paleontolog�a I, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Uruguay 151, 6300 � Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina

Twelve species (four new) and 9 genera of bivalves are described from the uppermost Hirnantian, Upper Ordovician of the Prague Basin, Bohemia: Praenucula dispar (Barrande, 1881), Praenucula abrupta sp. nov., Sluha kosoviensis (Barrande, 1881), Nuculites aff. planulatus Conrad, 1841, Myoplusia contrastans (Barrande, 1881), Myoplusia obtusa (Barrande, 1881), Myoplusia sp., Metapalaeoneilo dromon sp. nov., Praeleda compar (Barrande, 1881), Mytilarca mareki sp. nov., Modiolopsis pragensis sp. nov., and ?Sphenolium cf. parallelum Ulrich, 1894. From the coarse, storm generated sandstones representing the additional regressive event, when the shelf was channelled, and coarse material transported from the shore in the late Hirnantian, the low diversified, almost monospecific Modiolopsis pragensis Community, of the Modiolopsis Community Group, was described. It indicates restricted living conditions. 11 bivalve species form, together with 25 species of brachiopods, 5 species of gastropods, and undescribed conulariids, hexactinellids, trepostomate bryozoans, annelids, hyolithids, orthocone nautiloids, rare ostracods, phyllocarids, blastoids, cystoids, crinoids, dendroids, graptolites, and chlorophytes (receptaculitids) the redefined Hirnantia sagittifera�Sluha kosoviensis Community. It represents the most diversified community of the Hirnantia Community Group known in the World. We suppose that the Hirnantia sagittifera�Sluha kosoviensis Community occupied the well-ventilated environment of the soft bottom carbonate silts with high organic content. The community was most probably autochthonous, with minimal transport as is indicated by the common preservation of shells with conjoined valves (articulate brachiopods, semi-infaunal bivalve Mytilarca mareki, and infaunal bivalves). The bivalves Mytilarca mareki and Metapalaeoneilo dromon sp. nov., Nuculites aff. planulatus, and ?Sphenolium cf. parallelum may have originated in the Baltica carbonate platforms and the equatorial regions of Avalonia and Laurentia and support the ideas about the position of the Kosov Province in the temperate-to-subtropical zone (between 30� to 45� S). For the analogous and homologous communities we described the Hirnantia Community Group as a substitute for the term �Hirnantia fauna�. The Hirnantia Community Group was most probably extending from the circumpolar sphere into the temperate to tropical zones in proximity to the carbonate platforms. In Bohemia and elsewhere it occurs just a few metres below the Ordovician-Silurian boundary and represents the evidence of the environmental recovery during the uppermost Ordovician transgression following the Upper Ordovician global glaciation. � Key words: Bivalvia, uppermost Ordovician, late Hirnantian, systematics, palaeoecology, Perunica, Prague Basin, Bohemia.

K��, J. & Steinov�, M. 2009. Uppermost Ordovician bivalves from the Prague Basin (Hirnantian, Perunica, Bohemia). Bulletin of Geosciences 84(3), 409�436 (9 figures, 1 table). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received April 27, 2009; accepted in revised form June 5, 2009; published online August 14, 2009; issued September 11, 2009.

Ji�� K��, Czech Geological Survey, P.O. Box 85, Praha 011, Czech Republic; jiri.kriz@geology.cz � Marika Steinov�, Czech Geological Survey, P.O. Box 85, Praha 011, Czech Republic; marika.steinova@geology.cz

Cooper (1973) erected Gyrosoria as a monospecific genus for Terebratulites gracilis von Schlotheim, 1813. G. gracilis from white-chalk facies was studied in detail by Steinich (1965) and its morphological adaptation to the environment was discussed by Surlyk (1972). However, populations of G. gracilis, adapted to a high energy environment remained unnoticed and therefore special attention is paid to them in this paper. �Terebratulina� lata Etheridge, 1881, placed here in the genus Gyrosoria, has often been mentioned within the literature and has been used as a zone fossil for more than a century. However, its morphology and its relation to other reported cancellothyridid species has not been studied in detail since its erection. This paper presents an emended diagnosis of the genus, officially assigns the revised lata species to it and presents a detailed morphological study of the genus. The variability of G. lata, studied here, and compared to that of both, the low- and high-energy-environment forms of G. gracilis, points out a clear evolutionary lineage within the genus. Spicular skeletons have been investigated in some Upper Turonian G. lata shells. Particular attention is given to the shell infrastructure. Moreover this paper shows that the palaeogeographical area of G. lata can now be enlarged but a wider application of this species in biostratigraphy should be refused due to the extension of its stratigraphical range. � Key words: Brachiopoda, Cancellothyridoidea, Upper Cretaceous, environmental adaptation, palaeoecology, shell structure, biostratigraphy.

Sklen��, J. & Simon, E. 2009. Brachiopod Gyrosoria Cooper, 1973 � a comparative palaeoecological, stratigraphical and taxonomical study. Bulletin of Geosciences 84(3), 437�464 (13 figures, 2 tables). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received October 6, 2008; accepted in revised form January 21, 2009; published online September 7, 2009; issued September 11, 2009.

Jan Sklen��, Palaeontological department, National Museum, V�clavsk� n�m�st� 68, 115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic; jan_sklenar@nm.cz � Eric Simon, Palaeontological department, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, rue Vautier 29, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; ericsimon98brach@yahoo.fr

An artificial outcrop of Middle Miocene sediments at Kralice nad Oslavou has been studied in detail, all fragments retrieved from the bulk samples were evaluated and described. The most common fossils were bryozoans, foraminifers and echinoderms, but molluscs also occured. Foraminiferal evidence indicates an assignment to the lower part of the Upper Lagenid Zone (Lower Badenian�Langhian, Middle Miocene); the calcareous nannoplankton is characteristic for the zone NN5. In the upper part of the profile, an increased amount of volcanic material can be recognised. Based on an analysis of the faunal composition, the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the section has been investigated. The sediments at the base of the section originate from a deeper marine basin and well oxygenated bottom waters. A first bryozoan event can be recorded in this interval. Above, foraminiferal evidence points to increased depth and decreased oxygen levels, coinciding with an abundance peak of molluscs and asteroids, but disappearance of bryozoans. In the upper half of the section, conditions changed considerably. The faunal content indicates a shallow-marine environment with normal marine salinity and high oxygen levels. Echinoderms and bryozoans exhibit high diversities in this interval. These drastic changes are related here to changes in basin geometry. Increased volcanic activity in the hinterland was documented by volcano-detritic material in the sediment. Neotypes of bryozoans Kionidella moravicensis Proch�zka, 1893 and Umbonula spinosa (Proch�zka, 1893) are designated. � Key words: Bryozoa, Foraminifera, Echinodermata, Mollusca, palaeoecology, Middle Miocene, Carpathian Foredeep, Czech Republic.

Z�gor�ek, K., Holcov�, K., Nehyba, S., Kroh, A. & Hladilov�, �. 2008. The invertebrate fauna of the Middle Miocene (Lower Badenian) sediments of Kralice nad Oslavou (Central Paratethys, Moravian part of the Carpathian Foredeep). Bulletin of Geosciences 84(3), 465�496 (13 figures). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received May 7, 2008; accepted in revised form November 10, 2008; published online August 14, 2009; issued September 11, 2009.

Kamil Z�gor�ek, Department of Palaeontology, National Museum, V�clavsk� n�m�st� 68, CZ-115 74 Praha 1, Czech Republic; kamil.zagorsek@nm.cz � Katar�na Holcov�, Institute of Geology & Palaeontology, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-12843 Praha 2; holcova@natur.cuni.cz � Slavom�r Nehyba, Institute of Geological Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotl��sk� 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; slavek@sci.muni.cz � Andreas Kroh, Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Geology & Palaeontology, Burgring 7, 1010 Wien, Austria; andreas.kroh@nhm-wien.ac.at � ��rka Hladilov�, Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Palack� University, Purkrabsk� 2, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; sarka.hladilova@upol.cz

A proven record of Hypolagus (Lagomorpha, Mammalia) from twenty-two Plio-Pleistocene (Ruscinian�Biharian) localities of the Czech and Slovak Republics is presented; from eight localities the genus is reported or described for the first time. A detailed description and morphological analysis of the currently available dental and cranial material proved the presence of two species in the studied area and enabled to assessment of their intra- and interspecific variability, as well as the phylogenetic level of some paleopopulations. The complete history of research on the Central European Hypolagus is summarized, accompanied by nomenclatural revision and synonymy. A revision and designation of the type material is provided. The results are expressed in a description of Hypolagus petenyii �erm�k & Fladerer sp. nov. from the Pliocene (Early Vill�nyian) locality of Beremend (Hungary). In the studied area: (1) the gracile and less advanced H. petenyii �erm�k & Fladerer sp. nov., characterized by a simple P2 and p3, is recorded from the Pliocene (Late Ruscinian�Early Vill�nyian) localities of M��any 3, Ivanovce 1, Hajn��ka I and Hos�ovce 2; (2) H. brachygnathus (Kormos, 1930), the larger and more robust species with a greater variability of more advanced P2 and p3, persisted throughout the Early Pleistocene (Biharian), with its last appearance in the Late Biharian locality Chlum 4. A taxonomical review and/or revision of Central European finds is provided and discussed in the context of phylogeny and systematics of Eurasian Archaeolaginae leporids. � Key words: Leporidae, Hypolagus petenyii �erm�k & Fladerer sp. nov., H. brachygnathus (Kormos, 1930), Ruscinian, Vill�nyian, Biharian, Europe, Czech Republic, Slovakia, nomenclature, taxonomy.

�erm�k, S. 2009. The Plio-Pleistocene record of Hypolagus (Lagomorpha, Leporidae) from the Czech and Slovak Republics with comments on systematics and classification of the genus. Bulletin of Geosciences 84(3), 497�524 (6 figures, 2 tables). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received October 17, 2008; accepted in revised form March 23, 2009; published online August 12, 2009; issued September 11, 2009.

Stanislav �erm�k, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Geology, Laboratory of Paleobiology and Paleoecology, Rozvojov� 269, CZ-165 00 Prague 6 � Lysolaje, Czech Republic, and National Museum (Natural History), Department of Zoology, V�clavsk� n�m. 68, CZ-115 79 Prague 1, Czech Republic; cermaks@gli.cas.cz

Lingulate brachiopod fauna of the Ch�nice Limestone (Zl�chov Formation, Emsian; Czech Republic) were examined. Ten species have been observed, of which Acrosaccus vertex, Schizotreta vaneki, Havlicekion frydai, and Opsiconidion coralinus are described here as new taxa. Shell microornaments of several of the taxa were examined and it indicated that some show prominent changes during shell growth. Uniformity of microornaments in particular species is evidenced. Both findings suggest that microornaments can be used as a significant feature in determination of separate species. Composition of the fauna indicates a close relationship to the Eifelian lingulate fauna of the Barrandian area. � Key words: Discinidae, Biernatidae, shell microornamentation, taxonomy, Ch�nice Limestone, Emsian.

Mergl, M. & Ferrov�, L. 2009. Lingulate brachiopods from the Ch�nice Limestone (upper Emsian, Barrandian; Czech Republic). Bulletin of Geosciences 84(3), 525�546 (12 figures). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received May 4, 2009; accepted in revised form July 21, 2009; published online September 3, 2009; issued September 11, 2009.

Michal Mergl, Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, Klatovsk� 51, 306 19 Plze�, Czech Republic; mmergl@kbi.zcu.cz � Lenka Ferrov�, Czech Geological Survey, P.O.B. 85, 118 21 Prague 1, Czech Republic; Lenka.Ferrova@seznam.cz

An isolated anterior caudal vertebra of a medium-large sized theropod dinosaur is reported here. It comes from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Santonian, Late Cretaceous), R�o Colorado Subgroup, R�o Negro Province, northern Patagonia, Argentina. The specimen, MACN-PV-RN 1012, exhibits several derived characters that are diagnostic among theropods. Specifically, MACN-PV-RN 1012 is referable to Abelisauroidea because it possesses a centrodiapophyseal lamina on the ventral surface of the transverse processes, and to Abelisauridae due to the presence of transverse processes that are 1.4 times longer than the anteroposterior length of the centrum, a large median depression anterior to the base of the neural spine, and the lack of a prespinal fossa. MACN-PV-RN 1012 is included within Carnotaurinae, sharing with Carnotaurus and Aucasaurus transverse processes that are oriented dorsolaterally at an angle of 45� or more with regard to the horizontal axis of the vertebra. Thus, the specimen described here constitutes the first record of a derived abelisaurid from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation. � Key words: Theropoda, Abelisauroidea, Bajo de la Carpa Formation, R�o Colorado Subgroup, Late Cretaceous, Argentina.

Ezcurra, M.D. & M�ndez, A.H. 2009. First report of a derived abelisaurid theropod from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous), Patagonia, Argentina. Bulletin of Geosciences 84(3), 547�554 (3 figures). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received November 4, 2008; accepted in revised form January 6, 2009; published online July 28, 2009; issued September 11, 2009.

Mart�n Daniel Ezcurra (corresponding author), Laboratorio de Anatom�a Comparada y Evoluci�n de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales �Bernardino Rivadavia�, Av. �ngel Gallardo 470, (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina; martindezcurra@yahoo.com.ar � Ariel Hern�n M�ndez, Laboratorio de Anatom�a Comparada y Evoluci�n de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales �Bernardino Rivadavia�, Av. �ngel Gallardo 470, (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina. CONICET � Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient�ficas y T�cnicas; arielhmendez@ yahoo.com.ar

This study focuses on identifying major source areas in several stratigraphic intervals in the Permian sediments of the Krkono�e Piedmont Basin and integrates it with existing sedimentological data. Pebbles in Cisuralian�Guadalupian conglomerates of alluvial fans, nearshore lacustrine and lacustrine fan-delta deposits that were deposited close to the northwestern and southeastern basin margin, respectively, correspond almost exclusively to local material from adjacent crystalline complexes. The heavy mineral associations of the sandstone matrix of these conglomerates support this interpretation. Crystalline units of the south-western part of the Krkono�e-Jizera Crystalline Complex and Orlice-Sn�n�k Crystalline Complex, respectively, are considered as the most favourable sources. Heavy mineral associations of fluvial sandstone facies are of complex composition pointing to repeated recycling of clastic material. However, heavy mineral indices reveal distinct source areas for the main lithostratigraphic units. Two main possible source areas for the fluvial Asselian deposits (Vrchlab� Formation) of the south-western part of the basin were found. Pebbles of late Devonian�early Carboniferous marine limestones probably came from the central part of the hypothetical J�trava-Hradec Basin. The garnet compositions in sand detrital material point to leucogranites and pegmatites of the north-eastern Moldanubian Zone, P�ibyslavice area, as the possible source rocks. Guadalupian fluvial deposits reveal a wide range of sources that can be attributed to the recycling of detrital material from Cisuralian and Carboniferous deposits. Garnet compositions indicate Moldanubian granulites, garnet clinopyroxenites, leucogranites and pegmatites as a possible sources. We infer that Moldanubian granulites and garnet clinopyroxenites were exposed to an erosion level in the Early Permian at the latest. � Key words: provenance, Krkono�e Piedmont Basin, Permian, heavy minerals, pebble composition, detrital garnet composition.

Mart�nek, K. & �tolfov�, K. 2009. Provenance study of Permian non-marine sandstones and conglomerates of the Krkono�e Piedmont Basin (Czech Republic): exotic marine limestone pebbles, heavy minerals and garnet composition. Bulletin of Geosciences 84(3), 555�568 (8 figures, 2 tables). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received May 15, 2006; accepted in revised form January 26, 2009; published online August 13, 2009; issued September 11, 2009.

Karel Mart�nek, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; karel@natur.cuni.cz � Kate�ina �tolfov�, School of Geological Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

Abstract. � Cannibalism in ancient fishes is an interesting paleobiological fact which has rarely been identified in the fossil record. One such case is described here. The specimen of a partly preserved Trichiuridae fish, Anenchelum glarisianum, contains the remains of prey inside the body cavity. Two types of prey can be identified, one of which is A. glarisianum. The heads of the prey are oriented posteriorly inside the body cavity. On the basis of analogy with recent populations of trichiurid fish from Taiwan, cannibalism most likely resulted from a paleoecologic imbalance in the population of A. glarisianum in Liten�ice. Other known data on the feeding habits of fossil Trichiuridae are mentioned. � Key words: Trichiuridae, cannibalism, feeding habits, fish, paleobiology, cutlassfish.

P�ikryl, T. & Novosad, B. 2009. Direct evidence of cannibalism in the Oligocene cutlassfish Anenchelum glarisianum Blainville, 1818 (Perciformes: Trichiuridae). Bulletin of Geosciences 84(3), 569�572 (2 figures, 2 tables). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received November 26, 2008; accepted in revised form March 2, 2009; published online July 28, 2009; issued September 11, 2009.

Tom� P�ikryl, Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Rozvojov� 269, CZ-165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic, and Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic; prikryl@gli.cas.cz � Bronislav Novosad, Kun�n 27, 742 53 Kun�n; B.Novosad@seznam.cz

A new record of a Late Cretaceous lizard-like non-serpentian squamate from Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group; Turonian-Santonian) southeast of Brazil is based on a specimen found about 10 km south of Mar�lia city (S�o Paulo State). The material consists of 10 articulated dorsal vertebrae with a total length of 14 mm and seven incomplete right ribs. Vertebrae are gracile, procoelous, with a broad intervertebral foramen, without evidence of intercentra, and with a single synapophysis; ribs are unicapitate. The specimen is assigned to the Squamata because of the presence of procoelous vertebrae, absence of intercentra in the dorsal vertebrae, and the presence of slender and elongate single-headed ribs. In addition, the material is excluded from the Serpentes owing to the absence of separated diapophyses and parapophyses, the lack of clearly triangular centra in ventral view, presence of anteroposterior short and well posteriorly-inclined neural spines, and, if it is present, the weakly developed zygosphene-zygantrum articular complex. Despite retaining an open taxonomic identification, the material represents the first non-serpentian squamate from the Adamantina Formation, enlarging the record of squamates in the Bauru Group of Brazil, and indicates the presence of minute lizard taxa, which are sparse in the South American Cretaceous fossil record. � Key words: lizard, Squamata, Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group, Turonian-Santonian, Late Cretaceous, Brazil.

Candeiro, C.R.A., Nava, W., Martinelli, A.G., Forasiepi, A.M., Scanferla, C.A. & Muzzopappa, P. 2009. New lizard record (Diapsida, Lepidosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Adamantina Formation, Brazil. Bulletin of Geosciences 84(3), 573�576 (2 figures). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received October 2, 2008; accepted in revised form November 19, 2008; published online February 9, 2009; issued September 11, 2009.

Corresponding author: Carlos R.A. Candeiro, Laborat�rio de Paleobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus de Porto Nacional, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Rua 03, Qd. 17, s/n�� Jd. dos Ip�s (CEP-77500-000), Porto Nacional, Tocantins, Brazil;  candeiro@yahoo.com.br