Historical finds of bone remains of Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss) from the Upper Pleistocene loess open air site at Praha-Podbaba (Czech Republic) are reviewed. The largely complete cranium from Central Bohemia and finds from other sites in Czech Republic are also described. The bone proportions of the cranial and postcranial material from Podbaba indicate them to have come from an adult male lion carcass. One foreleg and lower jaw belonged to an adult female as evidenced by their much smaller proportions. A few additional bones were found at other loess pits around Praha along the Vltava River and at open air sites along the Berounka River close to Beroun. By undertaking a preliminary overview of these finds and other bones from cave sites in Central Bohemia, a first palaeobiogeographical distribution of these extinct carnivores can be presented. The lion remains from the open air sites, were found alongside the typical glacial cold-period macrofauna consisting of a few Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach), but mainly Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach) bones, which were often well-chewed by Ice Age spotted hyenas. Other faunal remains were found in the loess sites, and these appeared, in most cases, to be hyena prey depots or scavenging sites. These remains included Bison priscus (Bojanus), Equus ferus Boddaert [partly Equus przewalskii (Poljakoff)], Equus hemionus (Pallas), Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus), Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, Capra ibex (Linnaeus) and rarely Rupricapra rupricapra (Linnaeus). The latter two animals indicate that an alpine fauna existed in Central Bohemia during the early and middle Upper Pleistocene. Some lion remains and locations described here may be of Saalian Age, during which a similar fauna existed. The bone accumulations, including lion remains, are probably, in many cases, hyena prey deposits. Their presence in caves seems to have been mainly the result of hyena and lion conflicts, and lion kills which were imported, often as complete carcasses, into the hyena cave dens such as the one at Srbsko Chlum-Komín. Their carcasses seemed to have very often been imported by hyenas into their dens in loess along the Weichselian river valleys, the Vltava and Berounka Rivers. In some cases, lions may have been killed at the conflict site, and been scavenged there. The proven minimum number of individuals (MNI) lions for the Weichselian in Central Bohemia can be estimated from cave and open air sites to be about 20 compared with a provable hyena MNI of more than twice this number at about 48 individuals. • Key words: Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810), open air sites, Upper Pleistocene loess pits, Central Bohemia, bone taphonomy, palaeobiogeography.

DIEDRICH, C.G. 2007. Upper Pleistocene Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) skeleton remains from Praha-Podbaba and other lion finds from loess and river terrace sites in Central Bohemia (Czech Republic). Bulletin of Geosciences 82(2), 99–117 (11 figures, 1 table). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received December 11, 2006, accepted in revised form May 28, 2007, issued June 30, 2007. • DOI 10.3140/bull.geosci.2007.02.99

Cajus G. Diedrich, University of Osnabrueck, Institute for Culture- and Geosciences, Seminarstrasse 19, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany; cdiedri@gmx.net

The morphologically distinct nautiloid genera Phragmoceras and Tubiferoceras (Discosorida, Phragmoceratidae) with an endogastric brevicone shell and a contracted aperture are characteristic components of the Silurian tropical faunas of Baltica and Laurentia. Seven previously known species of Phragmoceras from the Prague Basin (Perunica) are mainly from cephalopod limestones of the Ludlow age. Amongst these, two species are recorded from beyond the Prague Basin. Phragmoceras imbricatum is recognised in Avalonia and Baltica and its geographic distribution suggests a palaeobiogeographical connection across the Rheic Ocean during the earlier Ludlow time. Phragmoceras labiosum was recorded in the Bohemian-type Ludfordian fauna of Sardinia (peri-Gondwana). This paper deals with several phragmocerids from the Prague Basin which have not been recorded before. They include Phragmoceras munthei from the latest Llandovery and earlier Wenlock, Tubiferoceras proboscoideum from the early Wenlock, Phragmoceras acuminatum, Phragmoceras sigmoideum, Phragmoceras cf. undulatum, and Phragmoceras cf. ventricosum from the late Wenlock. A new species Phragmoceras koneprusensis sp. nov. from the early Ludfordian (Ludlow) is established. These species are closely related or conspecific to those described from Gotland (Baltica), Ireland (Laurentia) or Wales (Avalonia) and indicate an open seaway between the Prague Basin (Perunica) and Baltica, Laurentia and Avalonia, respectively, since the latest Llandovery. In addition, occurrences of phragmocerids in the Prague Basin suggest that in contrast to the rest of peri-Gondwanan areas a relative temperate water environment was typical for Perunica since latest Llandovery. • Key words: Nautiloidea, Discosorida, new taxa, palaeobiogeography, Silurian, Prague Basin.

MANDA, Š. 2007. New Silurian nautiloids Phragmoceras Broderip, 1839, and Tubiferoceras Hedström, 1917, from the Prague Basin (Bohemia). Bulletin of Geosciences 82(2), 119–131 (9 figures). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received May 14, 2007; accepted in revised form June 15, 2007; issued June 30, 2007. • DOI 10.3140/bull.geosci.2007.02.119

Štìpán Manda, Czech Geological Survey, P.O.B. 85, 118 21 Praha 1, Czech Republic; manda@cgu.cz

The rugose coral genus Spinophyllum Wedekind, 1922, occurs in Moravia (S. conicum Kettnerová, 1932 and S. ondra sp. nov.). Its most peculiar character is coarse septal trabeculae displaying the double bend of charactophyllids. In this feature it resembles Charisphyllum Oliver & Sorauf, 1988, synonymous with Spinophyllum. Spinophyllum sp. cf. conicum Kettnerová, 1932, known from the Konìprusy Acanthopyge Limestone of the Prague Basin, has its slender septal trabeculae arranged in a half-fan or asymmetrical fan and does not belong to Spinophyllum. The fine structures of rugose corals are repeating at the same taxa in various preservational environments. It seems to prove that these fine structures are at least based on the structures which originated through the life of corals. The mentioned fine structures were considered important diagnostic feature in the present paper. • Key words: Middle Devonian, Rugosa, systematics, septal structures, biostratigraphy.

GALLE, A. 2007. Spinophyllum Wedekind, 1922 (Anthozoa, Rugosa), in the Lower Givetian (Devonian) of the Bohemian Massif. Bulletin of Geosciences 82(2), 133–144 (7 figures, 3 tables). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received March 30, 2007; accepted in revised form June 22, 2007; issued June 30, 2007. • DOI 10.3140/bull.geosci.2007.02.133

Arnošt Galle, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Geological Institute, Rozvojová 269, 165 02 Praha 6 – Lysolaje, Czech Republic; galle@gli.cas.cz

The current conodont biozonation near the Silurian/Devonian boundary includes problematic biozones and is revised. Global applications of the zonal concepts concerning the current standard conodont zones eosteinhornensis, remscheidensis, detorta, and woschmidti are revised. New correlations are based on conodont faunas from the Požáry section (the stratotype of the Pøídolí Series, Barrandian) and the Elbersreuth Orthoceratid Limestone (Frankenwald); they enable correlations with Baltic conodont faunas. The new data show that the eosteinhornensis Zone s.s. begins amid the Pøídolí. The Delotaxis “detorta” plexus is not limited to the final Pøídolí because it enters before the eosteinhornensis Zone. Accordingly, the use of a detorta Zone for global correlation is not recommended. The type stratum of the very particular Icriodus woschmidti is much younger than the entry of Icriodus postwoschmidti in Podolia. A succession of a woschmidti Zone and a postwoschmidti Zone in the early Lochkovian is problematic. Three new spathognathodontid species with stratigraphic potential: Zieglerodina? ivochlupaci sp. nov., Zieglerodina? klonkensis sp. nov. and Zieglerodina? zellmeri sp. nov. are described. • Key words: Silurian/Devonian boundary, Conodont zonation, Conodont biostratigraphy, Barrandian, Frankenwald, Eastern Baltic.

CARLS, P., SLAVÍK, L. & VALENZUELA-RÍOS, J.I. 2007. Revisions of conodont biostratigraphy across the Silurian-Devonian boundary. Bulletin of Geosciences 82(2), 145–164 (8 figures, 1 table). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received January 10, 2007; accepted in revised form May 9, 2007; issued June 30, 2007. • DOI 10.3140/bull.geosci.2007.02.145

Peter Carls, Institut für Umweltgeologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Pockelsstrasse 3, D-38023 Braunschweig, Germany • Ladislav Slavík (corresponding author), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Geology, v.v.i., Rozvojová 269, CZ-16502 Praha, Czech Republic; slavik@gli.cas.cz • José Ignacio Valenzuela-Ríos, University of Valencia, Department of Geology, C/. Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain; Jose.I.Valenzuela@uv.es

Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870, represents a significant element of the Lower Triassic ichnofossil associations in the Western Carpathians from the viewpoint of ichnofacies and stratigraphy. These assemblages of trace fossils commonly include D. parallelum, Arenicolites, Skolithos and a few of other trace fossils that rarely occur in isolated beds. Ichnological and sedimentological features (wavy and lenticular bedding, less frequently flaser bedding) correspond to the shallow water Skolithos ichnofacies in a restricted bay area. • Key words: Diplocraterion parallelum, Skolithos ichnofacies, wavy bedding, lenticular bedding, Lower Triassic, Western Carpathians, Slovakia.

ŠIMO, V. & OLŠAVSKÝ,M. 2007. Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870, and other trace fossils from the Lower Triassic succession of the Drienok Nappe in the Western Carpathians, Slovakia. Bulletin of Geosciences 82(2), 165–173 (10 figures). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214–1119. Manuscript received November 2, 2006; accepted in revised form April 4, 2007; issued June 30, 2007. • DOI 10.3140/bull.geosci.2007.02.165

Vladimír Šimo, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Geological Institute, Dúbravská cesta 9, P.O.Box 106, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; vladosimo@yahoo.com • Mário Olšavský, State Geological Institute of Dionýz Štúr (ŠGÚDŠ), Kynce¾ovská 10, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia; olsavsky@gssrbb.sk

The paper deals with the diversity of deformations, esp. faults, in the Ordovician to the Devonian deposits of the Prague Basin, their relations to the Proterozoic basement, and draws some conclusions about causes of this diversity. Attention is paid to the eastern, deeper downfolded part of the Basin (Prague Synclinorium). Some longitudinal faults (Libeò Thrusts, Tetín Thrust) are confined to the basin filling and are apparently due to the release of stresses generated during folding. Most of faults, however, are rooted in the Proterozoic basement and some of them were connected with Early Palaeozoic synsedimentary movements and/or volcanism (Prague Fault, Tachlovice Fault, Tobolka Fault, etc.). Some transverse faults separate segments having structures incompatible to one another. This testifies to the transverse faulting simultaneous with the folding and to the basement fractures influencing the deformation of the basin filling. The distinct SE vergency of folds in the Silurian-Devonian of the synclinorium can be explained by the underthrusting of a basement block towards NW. Otherwise, the tectonic transport in the synclinorium was bilateral and the vertical component of displacements prevailed. The general tectonic character of the Prague Synclinorium testifies to its fully autochthonous relation to the Proterozoic basement. • Key words: structure, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Variscan tectogenesis, Prague Basin, Barrandian, Czech Republic.

RÖHLICH, P. 2007. Structure of the Prague Basin: The deformation diversity and its causes (the Czech Republic). Bulletin of Geosciences 82(2), 175–182 (5 figures). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received October 25, 2006; accepted in revised form December 11, 2006; issued June 30, 2007. DOI 10.3140/bull.geosci.2007.01.175

Pavel Röhlich, Pod Lysinami 23, 147 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic