Late Silurian brachiopods Dayia and Shaleria as indicators of environmental changes during the ’Lau/Kozlowskii Bioevent’ on both sides of the Rheic Ocean

 

Authors: Mergl M, Frýda J

Published in: Bulletin of Geosciences, volume 100, issue 4; pages: 685 - 738; Received 16 September 2025; Accepted in revised form 11 December 2025; Online 31 December 2025

Keywords: Brachiopoda, Dayia, Silurian, Lau/Kozlowskii Bioevent, Gotland, Prague Basin,

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Abstract

A comparison of high-resolution stratigraphic records of Ludfordian global environmental changes with the stratigraphic distributions of brachiopods belonging to the genera Dayia and Shaleria are used to explain changes in benthic associations on the opposite sides of the Rheic Ocean. To elucidate these changes, we analysed data from several localities from Gotland (Laurussia) and the Prague Basin (peri-Gondwana). The current analysis revealed that Ludfordian Dayia navicula from the tropical region of Laurussia and Dayia minor from the temperate region of Gondwana represent two closely related but distinct species. Available data suggest that the Dayia navicula Association originated in the Avalonian part of Laurussia. After the decline of the Dayia navicula Association in the Anglo-Welsh Basin, the same association continued in the Baltic Basin of Laurussia. The initial environmental changes associated with the Siluricus Ocean Anoxic Event, which caused the Lau/Kozlowskii extinction events and preceded the Mid-Ludfordian Glaciation, triggered the migration of Dayia species over the Rheic Ocean. At the same time, this genus appeared in the Prague Basin, located in the periphery of Gondwana. The same migration way is also recorded for brachiopod genera Shaleria and Navispira. The subsequent environmental changes associated with the Mid-Ludfordian Glaciation, such as shallowing and cooling, had a negative impact on Dayia populations, but favoured the expansion of Shaleria populations. This replacement trend in benthic communities occurred on the opposite sides of the Rheic Ocean, on the Gotland and in the Prague Basin. Shaleria populations culminated during the late rising phase of the mid-Ludfordian carbon isotope excursion (MLCIE) and persisted through its steady phase, but then began to decline. Our results reveal that the occurrence and succession of brachiopod associations, as well as the biotic reaction of benthic invertebrates to global environmental changes on both sides of the Rheic Ocean, were similar and roughly synchronous. In the taxonomic section of the present paper, a minute species, Dayia minuscula sp. nov., restricted to the deglaciation period following the Mid-Ludfordian Glaciation, is described from the Prague Basin.

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