A mixed marine/non-marine mollusk assemblage from the Middle Miocene of Hidas (Hungary)

 

Authors: Neubauer TA, Harzhauser M, Sebe K

Published in: Bulletin of Geosciences, volume 100, issue 1; pages: 57 - 86; Received 13 December 2024; Accepted in revised form 24 February 2025; Online 13 April 2025

Keywords: Gastropoda, Bivalvia, taxonomy, paleoecology, Badenian, Serravallian,

full text (PDF, 6.33 MB)

Export to RIS

 

Abstract

We describe a mixed assemblage of polyhaline, freshwater, and terrestrial mollusks from late Middle Miocene (early Serravallian, late Badenian) strata near the town of Hidas, southern Hungary. It comprises 19 species in 16 families - seven polyhaline to normal-marine gastropod species (Neritidae, Hydrobiidae, Nassariidae, Potamididae, Batillariidae, Litiopidae), four gastropod and one bivalve species from freshwater settings (Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae, Sphaeriidae), and seven species of terrestrial gastropods (Ellobiidae, Strobilopsidae, Vertiginidae, Gastrocoptidae, Discidae, Gastrodontidae, Elonidae). The polyhaline/marine taxa identified to the species level are widely distributed species, all of which have been previously reported from Hidas. The freshwater and terrestrial species, in turn, all represent new occurrences. Most of them are common components of Middle Miocene peri-Paratethyan non-marine faunas. Biostratigraphically, the fauna agrees with the early Serravallian (late Badenian) age suggested by a previous study on microvertebrates. We provide a systematic account of all species, along with a critical discussion of the non-marine species previously recorded from Hidas. The assemblage was likely deposited in a low-energy freshwater setting, perhaps a pond, oxbow lake or backwater swamp. We assume that the brackish elements were transported from a nearby mudflat or mangrove environment, perhaps during an overspill or flooding event.

References

Adams, H. & Adams, A. 1853-1858. The Genera of Recent Mollusca Arranged According to Their Organizations. 2 vol. of text (661 pp.), 1 vol. of plates. Van Voorst, London.View article

Andrusov, N. 1890. Kerchenskiy izvestnyak i yego fauna. Zapiski Imperatorskago S.-Petersburgskago Mineralogicheskago Obshchestva, seriya 2 26, 193-344.

Andrusov, N. 1897. Iskopayemyya i zhivushchiya Dreissensidae Yevrazii [Fossile und lebende Dreissenidae Eurasiens]. text (683 pp.) + atlas (20 pls). Tipografiya M. Merkusheva, St. Petersburg.

Baily, W.H. 1858. Descriptions of fossil Invertebrata from the Crimea. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 14(1), 133-163.View article

Baker, F.C. 1927. On the division of the Sphaeriidae into two subfamilies; and the description of a new species and genus of Unionidae with descriptions of new varieties. American Midland Naturalist 10, 220-223.View article

Baker, H.B. 1923. Notes on the radula of the Neritidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 75, 117-178.

Bałuk, W. 1997. Middle Miocene (Badenian) gastropods from Korytnica, Poland; Part III. Acta Geologica Polonica 47(1-2), 1-75.

Basterot, B. de 1825. Description géologique du bassin tertiaire du sud-ouest de la France. Mémoires de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris 2, 1-100.

Benson, W.H. 1856. New land shells collected by E. A. Layard, Esq., and described by W. H. Benson, Esq. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, second series 18(108), 433-439.View article

Bespalaya, Y.V., Vinarski, M.V., Aksenova, O.V., Babushkin, E.S., Gofarov, M.Y., Kondakov, A.V., Konopleva, E.S., Kropotin, A.V., Mabrouki, Y., Ovchankova, N.B., Palatov, D.M., Sokolova, S.E., Shevchenko, A.R., Travina, O.V., Taybi, A.F., Soboleva, A.A., Zubrii, N.A. & Bolotov, I.N. 2024. Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of the Sphaeriinae (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201(2), 305-338.View article

Binder, H. 2002. Die Land- und Süßwassergastropoden aus dem Karpatium des Korneuburger Beckens (Niederösterreich; Untermiozän). Beiträge zur Paläontologie 27, 161-203.

Binder, H. 2004. Terrestrial, freshwater and brachyhalin Gastropoda from the Lower Miocene deposits of Oberdorf (Steiermark, Österreich). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 105A, 189-229.

Binder, H. 2008. The systematic positions of the genera Pseudochloritis C. Boettger 1909 and Joossia Pfeffer 1929 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Helicoidea: Helicidae). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 137, 167-193.View article

Boettger, O. 1870. Revision der tertiären Land- und Süsswasser-Versteinerungen des nördlichen Böhmens. Jahrbuch der k. k. geologischen Reichsanstalt 20(3), 283-302.

Boettger, O. 1877. [Miocänpetrefakten aus Schwaben]. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie 187, 78-80.

Boettger, O. 1884. Fossile Binnenschnecken aus den untermiocänen Corbicula-Thonen von Niederrad bei Frankfurt (Main). Bericht über die Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft 1883/1884, 258-280.

Bohn-Havas, M. 1973. A keleti Mecsek torton Mollusca faunája [Tortonische Molluskenfauna des östlichen Mecsek-Gebirges]. A Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet Évkönyv 53(4), 947-1161.

Boissy, S.-A. de 1940. Description de quelques especes d’Hélices fossiles provenant principalement des terrains d’eau douce du Midi de la France. Revue Zoologie par la Société Cuvierienne 1839, 74-75.

Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P., Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. 2010. Nomenclator of Bivalve Families; with a classification of bivalve families by R. Bieler, J.G. Carter, and E.V. Coan. Malacologia 52(2), 1-184.View article

Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.-P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., Nützel, A., Parkhaev, P., Schrödl, M. & Strong, E.E. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61(1-2), 1-526.View article

Bourguignat, J.R. 1857. Aménités Malacologiques, LXIV. Du genre Carychium. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, deuxieme série 9(5), 209-232.

Braun, A. 1851. Darstellung der geognostischen Verhältnisse des Mainzer Beckens und seiner fossilen Fauna und Flora, 1121-1169. In Walchner, F.A. (ed.) Handbuch der Geognosie zum Gebrauche bei seinen Vorlesungen und zum Selbststudium mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der geognostischen Verhältnisse des Grossherzogthums Baden. Christian Theodor Gross, Karlsruhe.

Brongniart, A. 1810. Sur des Terrains qui paroissent avoir été formés sous l’eau douce. Annales du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle 15, 357-405.

Brusina, S. 1884. Die Fauna der Congerienschichten von Agram in Kroatien. Beiträge zur Paläontologie Österreich-Ungarns und des Orients 3, 125-187.

Brusina, S. 1897. Gragja za neogensku malakološku faunu Dalmacije, Hrvatske i Slavonije uz neke vrste iz Bosne i Hercegovine i Srbije. Djela Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti 18, 1-43.

Candri, D.A., Sani, L.H., Ahyadi, H., Farista, B. & Virgota, A. 2020. The composition of mollusks in mangrove ecosystem conservation area Bagek Kembar, West Lombok. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 486(1), 012020.View article

Charpentier, J. de 1837. Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Suisse. Formant la seconde partie de la faune Helvétique. Neue Denkschriften der Allg. Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften / Nouveau mémoires de la Société helvétique des sciences naturelles 1, 1-28.View article

Clessin, S. 1877. Die tertiären Binnenconchylien von Undorf. Correspondenz-Blatt des zoologisch-mineralogischen Vereines in Regensburg 31(3), 34-41.

Cossmann, M. 1889. Catalogue illustré des coquilles fossils de l’Éocene des environs de Paris. Annales de la Societe royale malacologique de Belgique 24, 3-376.

Cossmann, M. & Peyrot, A. 1918-1919. Conchologie néogenique de l’Aquitaine. Actes de la Société linnéenne de Bordeaux 70(1), 5-100 (1918); 70(2), 101-180, pl. 1-9 (1918); 70(3), 181-356, pls 11-17 (1919); 70(4), 357-491 (1919).

Cox, L.R. 1960. Thoughts on the classification of the Gastropoda. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 33, 239-261.

Csepreghy-Meznerics, I. 1950. A hidasi (Baranya m.) tortonai fauna [Die tortonische fauna von Hidas, Kom. Baranya, Ungarn]. A Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet Évkönyve 39(2), 3-115.

Cuvier, G. 1795. Second Mémoire sur l’organisation et les rapports des animaux a sang blanc, dans lequel on traite de la structure des Mollusques et de leur division en ordre, lu a la société d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, le 11 prairial an troisieme. Magasin Encyclopédique, ou Journal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts 2, 433-449.

Dall, W.H. 1870. On the genus Pompholyx and its allies, with a revision of the Limnaeidae of authors. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9, 333-361.View article

Deshayes, G.P. 1830-1832. Encyclopédie méthodique ou par ordre de matieres. Histoire naturelle des Vers et Mollusques. Vol. 2: viii+1-594 [part 1: i-vi, 1-256, Livraison 101, 1 Feb 1830; part 2: 1-144, Livraison 101, 1 Feb. 1830; 145-594, Livraison 102, 29 Sept. 1832]. Vol. 3: 595-1152 [Livraison 102, 29 Sept. 1832]. Privately published, Paris.

Deshayes, G.P. 1838. Description des coquilles fossiles recueillies en Crimée par M. de Verneuil, et observations générales a leur sujet. Mémoirs de la Société Géologique de France, premiere série 3(2), 37-69.

Deshayes, G.P. 1855. Catalogue of the Conchifera or Bivalve Shells in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 2, Petricoladae (Concluded); Corbiculadae. 217-292 pp. British Museum, London.

Deshayes, G.P. & Milne Edwards, H. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, présentant les caracteres généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales especes qui s’y rapportent, par J. B. P. A. de Lamarck. Deuxieme édition, Tome septieme. Histoire des Mollusques. 735 pp. J.B. Bailliere, Paris.

Desmarest, A.G. 1814. Note sur les Ancyles ou Patelles d’eau douce, et particulierement sur deux especes de ce genre envore décrites, l’une fossile et l’autre vivante. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société philomatique de Paris 1814, 18-20.

Duméril, A.M.C. 1805. Zoologie analytique, ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux, rendue plus facile a l’aide de tableaux synoptiques. 344 pp. Allais, Paris.View article

Dunker, W. 1848. Über die in der Molasse bei Günzberg unfern Ulm vorkommenden Conchylien und Pflanzenreste. Palaeontographica 1(4), 155-168.

Dupuy, D. 1850. Description de quelques especes de coquilles terrestres fossils de Sansan. Journal de Conchyliologie 1, 300-313.

Eichwald, E. 1830. Naturhistorische Skizze von Lithauen, Volhynien und Podolien in geognostisch-mineralogischer, botanischer und zoologischer Hinsicht. 256 pp. Joseph Zawadzki, Wilna.

Eichwald, E. 1851. Paleontologiya Rossii: Novyy period. Opisaniye molassovoy i namyvnoy formatsiy. 284 pp. Eduard Prats, St. Petersburg.

Eichwald, E. 1852. Lethaia Russica ou le monde primitive de la Russie. Atlas. 14 pls. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.View article

Eichwald, E. 1853. Lethaea Rossica ou Paléontologie de la Russie, décrite et figurée. Troisieme volume. Derniere période. 533 pp. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.View article

Férussac, A.E.J.P.J.F. d’Audebard de 1822. Tableaux systématiques des animaux mollusques classés en familles naturelles, dans lesquels on a établi la concordance de tous les systemes; suivis d’un Prodrome général pour tous les mollusques ou fluviatiles, vivantes ou fossiles. Livr. 14: i-xxiv (Quarto).

Férussac, A.E.J.P.J.F. d’Audebard de 1823. Histoire naturelle générale et particuliere des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles tant des especes que l’on trouve aujourd’hui vivantes, que des dépouilles fossiles de celles qui n’existent plus; classés d’apres les caracteres essentiels que présentent ces animaux et leurs coquilles. Nérites fossiles. pl. 2. Paris.

Finger, I. 1998. Gastropoden der kleini-Schichten des Steinheimer Beckens (Miozän, Süddeutschland). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 259, 1-51.

Fischer, K. & Wenz, W. 1915 [“1914”]. Die Landschneckenkalke des Mainzer Beckens und ihre Fauna. Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde in Wiesbaden 67, 22-154.View article

Fitzinger, L.J. 1833. Systematisches Verzeichniss der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna desselben. Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreich’s unter der Enns 3, 88-122.View article

Fleming, J. 1822. The Philosophy of Zoology, a General View of the Structure, Functions and Classification of Animals, 2. 618 pp. Constable & Co., Edinburgh.View article

Földi, M. 1966. A hidasi terület földtani felépítése [Geologischer Bau des Gebietes von Hidas (Mecsekgebirge). A Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet Évi Jelentése 1964, 93-111.

Friedberg, W. 1914. Mięczaki mioceńskie ziem polskich (Mollusca miocaenica Poloniae). Część I. Ślimaki zeszyt trzeci. 241-360 pp. Nalkadem Muzeum Imienia Dzieduszyckich, Lwów.

Friedberg, W. 1923. Mięczaki mioceńskie ziem polskich (Mollusca miocaenica Poloniae). Część I. Ślimaki. Zeszyt czwarty. 361-440 pp. Nalkadem Muzeum Imienia Dzieduszyckich we Lwowie, Poznan.

Froriep, L.F. 1806. C. Dumeril’s Analytische Zoologie. Aus dem Französischen mit Zusätzen. 344 pp. Landes-Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar.

Frýda, J. 1998. Higher classification of the Paleozoic gastropods inferred from their early shell ontogeny, 108. In Bieler, R. & Mikkelsen, P.M. (eds) 13th International Malacological Congress, Abstracts. Unitas Malacologica, Washington, D.C.

Fuchs, T. 1870. VII. Beiträge zur Kenntniss fossiler Binnenfaunen. IV. und V. Die Fauna der Congerienschichten von Tihany am Plattensee und Kúp bei Pápa in Ungarn. Jahrbuch der k. k. geologischen Reichsanstalt 20(4), 531-548.

Galindo, L.A., Puillandre, N., Utge, J., Lozouet, P. & Bouchet, P. 2016. The phylogeny and systematics of the Nassariidae revisited (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 99, 337-353.View article

Gittenberger, E. 1979. On Elona (Pulmonata, Elonidae fam. nov.). Malacologia 18, 139-145.

Golikov, A.N. & Starobogatov, Y.I. 1975. Systematics of prosobranch gastropods. Malacologia 15(1), 185-232.

Gottschick, F. 1911. Aus dem Tertiärbecken von Steinheim a. A. Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg 67, 496-534.

Gottschick, F. & Wenz, W. 1916. Die Sylvanaschichten von Hohenmemmingen und ihre Fauna. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 48(1-3), 17-31, 55-74, 97-113.

Gould, A.A. 1841. Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts, Comprising the Mollusca, Crustacea, Annelida, and Radiata. 6 + 373 pp. Folsom, Wells, and Thurston, Cambridge.View article

Gozhik, P.F. & Prysjazhnjuk, V.A. 1978. Presnovodnyye i nazemnyye mollyuski miotsena Pravoberezhnoy Ukrainy. 172 pp. + 40 pls. Ed. AN UkdrSSR (’Naukova Dumka’), Kiev.

Grateloup, J.-P.S. de 1828. Tableau des coquilles Fossiles qu’on rencontre dans des terrains calcaires tertiaires (faluns) des environs de Dax, dans le département des Landes (Articles 1-3). Bulletin d’Histoire Naturelle de la Société linnéenne de Bordeaux 2, 72-109, 123-158, 192-204.

Grateloup, J.-P.S. de 1832-1835. Tableau des coquilles fossiles qu’on rencontre dans les terrains calcaires tertiaires (faluns) des environs de Dax, département des Landes. Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 5(3): 132-171 [15 May 1832]; 5(5): 263-282 [12 September 1832]; 5(6): 314-344 [1 December 1832]; 6(1): 31-48 [20 May 1833]; 6(2): 90-100 [20 October 1833]; 6(3): 159-164 [25 December 1833]; 6(4): 188-212 [25 June 1834]; 6(6): 270-320 [20 November 1834]; 7(2): 101-114 [15 April 1835].

Gray, J.E. 1840. Shells of molluscous animals, 370. In Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum, 42nd Ed. G. Woodfall, London.

Gray, J.E. 1847. A list of the genera of recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 15, 129-242.

Gray, J.E. 1854. A revision of the arrangement of the families of bivalve shells (Conchifera). The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, second series 13(77), 408-418.View article

Guzhov, A.V. 2022. Sarmatian Gastropods of the Belaya River Basin (Western Ciscaucasia). Paleontological Journal 56(10), 1142-1253.View article

Guzhov, A.V. 2023. Miocene Hydrobiidae (Gastropoda) of the Eastern Paratethys. Paleontological Journal 57(3), 295-306.View article

Handmann, R. 1889. Kurze Beschreibung (Charakteristik) der häufigsten und wichtigsten Tertiärconchylien des Wiener Beckens. 164 pp. Aschendorff, Münster.

Hartmann, J.D.W. 1821. System der Erd- und Flußschnecken der Schweiz. Mit vergleichender Aufzählung aller auch in den benachbarten Ländern, Deutschland, Frankreich und Italien sich vorfindenden Arten. Neue Alpina 1, 194-268.

Harzhauser, M. 2003. Marine Gastropods, Scaphopods and Cephalopods of the Karpatian in the Central Paratethys, 193-201. In Brzobohatý, R., Cicha, I., Kováč, M. & Rögl, F. (eds) The Karpatian - a Lower Miocene Stage of the Central Paratethys. Masaryk University, Brno.

Harzhauser, M. & Kowalke, T. 2002. Sarmatian (Late Middle Miocene) Gastropod Assemblages of the Central Paratethys. Facies 46, 57-82.View article

Harzhauser, M. & Kowalke, T. 2004. Survey of the Nassariid Gastropods in the Neogene Paratethys (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Buccinoidea). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 133(1/2), 1-63.View article

Harzhauser, M. & Landau, B. 2012. A revision of the Neogene Cancellariid Gastropods of the Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 3472, 1-71.View article

Harzhauser, M. & Landau, B. 2016. A revision of the Neogene Conidae and Conorbidae (Gastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4210(1), 1-178.View article

Harzhauser, M. & Landau, B. 2019. Turritellidae (Gastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea with considerations about turritellid genera. Zootaxa 4681(1), 1-136.View article

Harzhauser, M. & Landau, B. 2021a. The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4983(1), 1-72.View article

Harzhauser, M. & Landau, B.M. 2021b. The Columbellidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) in the Miocene Paratethys Sea-striking diversity of a negelected group. Zootaxa 5025(1), 1-75.View article

Harzhauser, M. & Landau, B.M. 2023. The auger snails (Gastropoda, Conoidea, Terebridae) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5385(1), 1-70.View article

Harzhauser, M. & Landau, B.M. 2024. The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427(1), 1-110.View article

Harzhauser, M. & Neubauer, T.A. 2018. Opole (Poland) - a historical key locality for middle Miocene terrestrial mollusc faunas. Bulletin of Geosciences 93(1), 71-146.View article

Harzhauser, M. & Neubauer, T.A. 2021. A review of the land snail faunas of the European Cenozoic - composition, diversity and turnovers. Earth-Science Reviews 217, 103610.View article

Harzhauser, M., Mandic, O. & Zuschin, M. 2003. Changes in Paratethyan marine molluscs at the Early/Middle Miocene transition - diversity, paleogeography and paleoclimate. Acta Geologica Polonica 53, 323-339.

Harzhauser, M., Neubauer, T.A., Gross, M. & Binder, H. 2014a. The early Middle Miocene mollusc fauna of Lake Rein (Eastern Alps, Austria). Palaeontographica, Abt. A: Palaeozoology - Stratigraphy 302(1-6), 1-71.View article

Harzhauser, M., Neubauer, T.A., Georgopoulou, E. & Harl, J. 2014b. The Early Miocene (Burdigalian) mollusc fauna of the North Bohemian Lake (Most Basin). Bulletin of Geosciences 89(4), 819-908.View article

Harzhauser, M., Grunert, P., Mandic, O., Lukeneder, P., García Gallardo, Á., Neubauer, T.A., Carnevale, G., Landau, B.M., Sauer, R. & Strauss, P. 2018. Middle and late Badenian palaeoenvironments in the northern Vienna Basin and their potential link to the Badenian Salinity Crisis. Geologica Carpathica 69(2), 149-168.View article

Harzhauser, M., Guzhov, A. & Landau, B. 2023a. A revision and nomenclator of the Cainozoic mudwhelks (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Batillariidae, Potamididae) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5272(1), 1-241.View article

Harzhauser, M., Guzhov, A., Landau, B.M., Kern, A.K. & Neubauer, T.A. 2023b. Oligocene to Pleistocene mudwhelks (Gastropoda: Potamididae, Batillariidae) of the Eurasian Paratethys Sea - Diversity, origins and mangroves. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 630, 111811.View article

Harzhauser, M., Pacaud, J.-M. & Landau, B.M. 2023c. The Origin of the Mangrove and Saltmarsh Snail Ellobium (Eupulmonata, Ellobiidae). Taxonomy 3(1), 68-84.View article

Harzhauser, M., Landau, B., Mandic, O. & Neubauer, T.A. 2024a. The Central Paratethys Sea - Part of the tropical eastern Atlantic rather than gate into the Indian Ocean. Global and Planetary Change 243, 104595.View article

Harzhauser, M., Landau, B., Mandic, O. & Neubauer, T.A. 2024b. The Central Paratethys Sea-rise and demise of a Miocene European marine biodiversity hotspot. Scientific Reports 14(1), 16288.View article

Harzhauser, M., Landau, B.M. & Vermeij, G.J. 2024c. The Dolicholatiridae and Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5470(1), 1-92.View article

Harzhauser, M., Landau, B.M. & Merle, D. 2025. The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Central Paratethys Sea (Haustrinae, Muricinae, Ocenebrinae, Pagodulinae, Typhinae, Muricidae incertae sedis). Zootaxa 5572(1), 1-162.View article

Haszprunar, G. & Huber, G. 1990. On the central nervous system of Smeagolidae and Rhodopidae, two families questionably allied with the Gymnomorpha (Gastropoda: Euthyneura). Journal of Zoology 220(2), 185-199.View article

Hilber, V. 1879. Neue Conchylien aus den mittelsteierischen Mediterranschichten. Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe 79(5), 416-461.

Hír, J. & Kókay, J. 2004. Middle Miocene molluscs and rodents from Mátraszőlős (Mátra Mountains, Hungary). Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica 22, 83-97.

Hír, J., Venczel, M. & Sebe, K. 2024. Middle Miocene (Late Badenian) microvertebrates from Hidas, SW Hungary. Geologia Croatica 77(1), 15-18.View article

Hladilová, Š. & Fordinál, K. 2013. Upper Badenian Molluscs (Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda) from the Modra-Kráľová locality (Danube Basin, Slovakia). Mineralia Slovaca 45, 35-44.

Hoernes, R. & Auinger, M. 1879-1891. Die Gasteropoden der Meeres-Ablagerungen der ersten und zweiten miocänen Mediterran-Stufe in der Österreich-Ungarischenden Monarchie. Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt 12, 1-382, pls 1-50 [pp. 1-52, pls 1-6 (1879); pp. 53-112, pls 7-12 (1880); pp. pp. 113-152, pls 13-16 (1882); pp. 153-192, pls 17-22 (1884); pp. 193-232, pls 23-28 (1885); pp. 233-282, pls 29-36 (1890); pp. 283-332, pls 37-50 (1891)].View article

Höltke, O. & Rasser, M.W. 2016. The Palaeotachea complex (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in the Miocene of SW Germany: a morphometric approach. Journal of Conchology 42(4), 239-256.

Höltke, O., Salvador, R.B. & Rasser, M.W. 2016. Paleobiogeography of Early/Middle Miocene terrestrial gastropods in Central Europe: An approach using similarity indices. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 461, 224-236.View article

Höltke, O., Salvador, R.B. & Rasser, M.W. 2018. Miocene continental gastropods from the southern margin of the Swabian Alb (Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 287(1), 17-44.View article

Hörnes, M. 1851-1856. Die fossilen Mollusken des Tertiär-Beckens von Wien. I. Univalven. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Reichsanstalt 3, 1-736, pls 1-52 [pp. 1-42, pls 1-5 (1851); pp. 43-184, pls 6-15 (1852); pp. 185-296, pls 16-32 (1853); pp. 297-384, pls 33-40 (1854); pp. 385-460, pls 41-45 (1855); pp. 461-736, pls 46-52 (1856)].

Horsák, M., Ortiz, D., Nekola, J.C. & Van Bocxlaer, B. 2024. Intercontinental dispersal and niche fidelity drive 50 million years of global diversification in Vertigo land snails. Global Ecology and Biogeography 33(5), e13820.View article

Horusitzky, H. 1915. Erläuterungen zur agrogeologischen Spezialkarte der Länder der ungarischen Krone. Die Umgebung von Nagyszombat. 42 pp. Budapest.

Il’ina, A.P. 1993. Opredelitel’ morskikh sredne-miotsenovykh gastropod Yugo-Zapadnoy Yevrazii [Handbook for identification of the marine Middle Miocene gastropods of southwestern Eurasia]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 255, 1-151.

Iredale, T. 1916. On two editions of Duméril’s Zoologie Analytique. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 12(2-3), 79-84.View article

Jeffreys, J.G. 1830. A synopsis on the testaceous pneumonobranchous Mollusca of Great Britain. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 16, 323-392.View article

Jekelius, E. 1944. Sarmat und Pont von Soceni (Banat). Memoriile Institutului geologic al României 5, 1-167.

Jooss, C.H. 1918. Vorläufige Mitteilungen über tertiäre Land- und Süßwasser-Mollusken. Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie 1918(17-18), 287-294.

Jörger, K.M., Stöger, I., Kano, Y., Fukuda, H., Knebelsberger, T. & Schrödl, M. 2010. On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10, 323.View article

Kadolsky, D. 1993. Der Gattung Nystia zugeordnete Arten im Tertiär des mittleren und westlichen Europas (Gastropoda: Rissooidea). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 122, 335-402.View article

Kadolsky, D. 2020. Early Miocene land and freshwater gastropods from the karst fissure filling Tomerdingen 1 (southern Germany). Palaeodiversity 13, 11-23.View article

Kadolsky, D. 2021. Nomenclatural comments on and corrections of nomina of some non-marine fossil gastropods. Bionomina 21(1), 123-139.View article

Kadolsky, D. 2023. Untermiozäne Fossilgemeinschaften der Wiesbaden-Formation aus einem Tertiärprofil in Mainz (Mainz-Gruppe, Mainzer Becken, Deutschland). 2. Mollusken. Mainzer geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen 51, 89-126.View article

Kókay, J. 1967. A Bakony-hegység felsőtortonai képződményei [Obertortonische Ablagerungen des Bakonygebirges]. Földtani Közlöny 97, 74-90.

Kókay, J. 2006. Nonmarine mollusc fauna from the Lower and Middle Miocene, Bakony Mts., W Hungary. Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica 56, 1-196.

Kovács, Z. 2020. New Muricidae (Neogastropoda) faunas from the Middle Miocene of Hungary. Földtani Közlöny 150(3), 449-468.View article

Kovács, Z. & Vicián, Z. 2014. Badenian (Middle Miocene) Conoidean (Neogastropoda) fauna from Letkés (N Hungary). Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica 30 (2013), 53-100.

Kovács, Z. & Vicián, Z. 2021. New Cancellariidae (Neogastropoda) assemblages from the Middle Miocene of Hungary with description of a new species. Central European Geology 64(2), 59-73.View article

Kowalke, T. 2004. Evolution of the Pachychilidae Troschel, 1857 (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea) - from the Tethys to modern tropical rivers. Zitteliana A 44, 41-50.

Kowalke, T. & Reichenbacher, B. 2005. Early Miocene (Ottnangian) Mollusca of the Western Paratethys - ontogenetic strategies and palaeo-environments. Geobios 38, 609-635.View article

Landau, B.M., Harzhauser, M., İslamoğlu, Y. & Silva, C.M. da 2013. Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey. Cainozoic Research 11-13, 1-584.

Landau, B.M., Ceulemans, L. & Van Dingenen, F. 2018. The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research 18(2), 177-368.

Lehmann, R. 1862. Ueber eine neue Heliceen-Gattung. Malakozoologische Blätter 9, 111-112.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae.View article

Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema naturae, Tom. I. Pars II. Editio duodecima reformata. 533-1327, [1-37] pp. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae.

Łomnicki, A.M. 1886. Słodkowodny utwór trzeciorzędny na Podolu galicyjskiém. Sprawozdania Komisji Fizjograficznej Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności 20, 48-119.

Lozouet, P., Lesport, J.-F. & Renard, P. 2001. Révision des Gastropoda (Mollusca) du stratotype de l’Aquitanien (Miocene inf.): site de Saucats ’Lariey’, Gironde, France. Cossmanniana, h.s. 3, 1-189.

Maillard, G. 1892. Monographie des mollusques tertiaires terrestres et fluviatiles de la Suisse. Premiere partie. Mémoires de la Société Paléontologique Suisse 18, 1-127.

Mandic, O., Harzhauser, M. & Neubauer, T.A. 2020. Taxonomy, palaeoecology and stratigraphy of the middle Miocene mollusk fauna from the Gračanica coal pit near Bugojno in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 100(2), 519-549.View article

Michaud, G. 1855. Descriptions de coquilles fossiles découvertes dans les environs de Hauterive (Drôme). Annales de la Societé linnéenne de Lyon, nouvelle série 2, 33-64.

Moayedpour, E. 1977. Geologie und Paläontologie des tertiären ’Braunkohlenlagers’ von Theobaldshof/Rhön (Miozän, Hessen). Geologische Abhandlungen Hessen 76, 1-134.

Moisescu, V. 1986. Nouvelles données sur les mollusques égériens de la région Cîmpu lui Neag (Bassin de Petroşani). Dări de seamă ale şedin?elor. Paleontologie 70-71(3), 35-42.

MolluscaBase eds. 2024. MolluscaBase. https://www.molluscabase.org/index.php.View article

Montagu, G. 1803. Testacea Britannica, or Natural History of British Shells, Marine, Land, and Fresh-Water, Including the Most Minute: Systematically Arranged and Embellished with Figures. 606 pp. White, London.View article

Moore, R.C. (ed.) 1960. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part I: Mollusca 1. 351 pp. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas.

Mörch, O.A.L. 1852-1853. Catalogus Conchyliorum Quae Reliquit D. Alphonso d’Aguirra & Gadea Comes de Yoldi, Regis Daniae Cubiculariorum Princeps, Ordinis Dannebrogici in Prima Classe & Ordinis Caroli Tertii Eques. 2 Vols. 170 + 74 pp. L. Klein, Hafniae.View article

Morse, E.S. 1864. Observations on the terrestrial Pulmonifera of Maine, including a catalogue of all the species of terrestrial and fluviatile Mollusca known to inhabit the state. Journal of the Portland Society of Natural History 1(1), 1-63.

Müller, O.F. 1773-1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium historia, seu animalium Infusoriorum, Helminthicorum et Testaceorum non marinorum succincta historia. 135 + 214 pp. Heineck & Faber, Havniae et Lipsiae.View article

Nekola, J.C. & Coles, B.F. 2010. Pupillid land snails of eastern North America. American Malacological Bulletin 28, 29-57.View article

Neubauer, T.A., Mandic, O. & Harzhauser, M. 2011. Middle Miocene Freshwater Mollusks from Lake Sinj (Dinaride Lake System, SE Croatia; Langhian). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 140(2), 201-237.View article

Neubauer, T.A., Mandic, O. & Harzhauser, M. 2013. The Middle Miocene freshwater mollusk fauna of Lake Gacko (SE Bosnia and Herzegovina): taxonomic revision and paleoenvironmental analysis. Fossil Record 16(1), 77-96.View article

Neubauer, T.A., Harzhauser, M., Georgopoulou, E., Mandic, O. & Kroh, A. 2014a. Replacement names and nomenclatural comments for problematic species-group names in Europe’s Neogene freshwater Gastropoda. Zootaxa 3785(3), 453-468.View article

Neubauer, T.A., Harzhauser, M., Kroh, A., Georgopoulou, E. & Mandic, O. 2014b. Replacement names and nomenclatural comments for problematic species-group names in Europe’s Neogene freshwater Gastropoda. Part 2. ZooKeys 429, 13-46.View article

Neubauer, T.A., Harzhauser, M., Kroh, A., Georgopoulou, E. & Mandic, O. 2015a. A gastropod-based biogeographic scheme for the European Neogene freshwater systems. Earth-Science Reviews 143, 98-116.View article

Neubauer, T.A., Harzhauser, M., Georgopoulou, E., Kroh, A. & Mandic, O. 2015b. Tectonics, climate, and the rise and demise of continental aquatic species richness hotspots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112(37), 11478-11483.View article

Neubauer, T.A., Harzhauser, M., Mandic, O. & Jovanović, G. 2017. The late middle Miocene non-marine mollusk fauna of Vračević (Serbia): filling a gap in Miocene land snail biogeography. Bulletin of Geosciences 91(4), 731-778.View article

Neubauer, T.A., van de Velde, S., Yanina, T. & Wesselingh, F.P. 2018. A late Pleistocene gastropod fauna from the northern Caspian Sea with implications for Pontocaspian gastropod taxonomy. ZooKeys 770, 43-103.View article

Neubauer, T.A., Anistratenko, O., Anistratenko, V.V., Kijashko, P., Stoica, M., van de Velde, S., Vinarski, M. & Wesselingh, F.P. 2021. A revision of the poorly known Pontocaspian gastropod genus Abeskunus, and its Central Paratethyan origin. Historical Biology 33(9), 1580-1597.View article

Neumayr, M. 1869. Beiträge zur Kenntniss fossiler Binnenfaunen. Jahrbuch der k. k. geologischen Reichsanstalt 19, 355-382.

Neumayr, M. 1883. Ueber einige tertiäre Süsswasserschnecken aus dem Orient. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie 1883(2), 37-44.

Nicorici, E. 1972. Stratigrafia neogenului din sudul bazinului Şimleu. Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, Bucureşti.

Nordsieck, H. 2014. Annotated check-list of the genera of fossil land snails (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) of western and central Europe (Cretaceous - Pliocene), with description of new taxa. Archiv für Molluskenkunde 143(2), 153-185.View article

Noulet, J.-B. 1854. Mémoires sur les coquilles fossiles des terrains d’eau douce du Sud-Ouest de la France. 127 pp. Victor Masson, Paris.

Noulet, J.-B. 1857. Coquilles fossiles nouvelles des terrains d’eau douce du Sud-Ouest de la France. 24 pp. Editions Masson, Paris.

Orbigny, A. d’ 1845. Paléontologie du voyage de M. Hommaire de Hell dans les steppes de la mer Caspienne, le Caucase, la Crimée et la Russie méridionale, 419-496. In Hommaire De Hell, X. (ed.) Les steppes de la Mer Caspienne, le Caucase, la Crimée et la Russie Méridionale. Voyage pittoresque, historique et scientifique. Tome troisieme. Levrault, Paris.

Orbigny, A. d’ 1852. Prodrome de Paléontologie. Stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnés faisant suitre au cours élémentaire de paléontologie et de géologie stratigraphique. Troisieme volume. 189 pp. Victor Masson, Paris.

Pacaud, J.-M. 2019. Remarques taxonomiques et nomenclaturales sur les mollusques gastéropodes du Paléogene de France et description d’especes nouvelles. Partie 2. Caenogastropoda (partim). Cossmanniana 21, 101-153.

Palcu, D.V., Mariş, I., De Leeuw, A., Melinte-Dobrinescu, M., Anton, E., Frunzescu, D., Popov, S., Stoica, M., Jovane, L. & Krijgsman, W. 2023. The legacy of the Tethys Ocean: Anoxic seas, evaporitic basins, and megalakes in the Cenozoic of Central Europe. Earth-Science Reviews 246, 104594.View article

Pálfy, J., Dulai, A., Gasparik, M., Ozsvárt, P., Pazonyi, P. & Szives, O. 2008. Catalogue of Invertebrate and Vertebrate Paleontological Type Specimens of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. 209 pp. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest.

Papp, A. 1952. Über die Verbreitung und Entwicklung von Clithon (Vittoclithon) pictus (Neritidae) und einiger Arten der Gattung Pirenella (Cerithidae) im Miozän Österreichs. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe 161, 103-127.

Pfeiffer, C. 1821. Naturgeschichte deutscher Land- und Süsswasser-Mollusken. Erste Abtheilung. 134 pp. Landes-Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar.View article

Pfeiffer, L. 1854. Synopsis Auriculaceorum, oder: Uebersicht sämmtlicher Gattungen und Arten der Auriculaceen. Malakozoologische Blätter 1, 145-156.

Piechocki, A. 1997. Mioceńskie mięczaki wodne (Mollusca aquatica) z bełchatowskich złóż węgla brunatnego. Kwartalnik AGH, Geologia 23(1), 103-120.

Pilsbry, H.A. 1893. Preliminary outline of a new classification of the Helices. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 44, 387-404.

Pilsbry, H.A. 1916. Manual of Conchology, Second Series: Pulmonata, 24. Pupillidae (Gastrocoptinae). 380 pp. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia.

Pilsbry, H.A. 1918. Manual of Conchology, Second Series: Pulmonata, 25. Pupillidae (Gastrocoptinae, Vertigininae). 401 pp. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia.

Pilsbry, H.A. 1927-1935. Manual of Conchology, Second Series: Pulmonata, 28. Geographic Distribution of Pupillidae; Strobilopsidae, Valloniidae and Pleurodiscidae. 226 pp. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia.

Poey, F. 1852. Introduccion a los Ciclostomas con generalidades sobre los moluscos gastropodos y particularmente sobre los terrestres operculados. Memorias sobre la historia natural de la isla de Cuba 1(8), 77-96.

Popov, S.V., Rögl, F., Rozanov, A.Y., Steininger, F.F., Shcherba, I.G. & Kováč, M. 2004. Lithological-Paleogeographic maps of Paratethys. 10 Maps. Late Eocene to Pliocene. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 250, 1-46.

Prisyazhnyuk, V.A. 1973. Nazemnyye mollyuski iz srednego sarmata Moldavskogo pridnestrov’ya, 57-75. In Negadev-Nikonov, K.N. (ed.) Fauna pozdnego kaynozoya Moldavii [Fauna of the Late Caenozoic in Moldavia]. Shtiintza, Kishinev.

Prysjazhnjuk, V. 2008. Terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of Trijebine, Sjenica (south-western Serbia). Bulletin de l’Academie serbe des sciences et des arts, classe des sciences mathématiques et naturelles 135(44), 85-109.

Prysjazhnjuk, V., Kovalenko, V., Górka, M. & Stworzewicz, E. 2006. The fresh-water gastropods from the Sarmatian (Lymnaeidea, Bulinidae, Planorbiidae) of Zwierzyniec (Central Poland), 256-264. In Gozhik, P.F. (ed.) Problemy paleontologii ta biostratigrafii proterozoyu i fanerozoyu Ukraini. Natsional’naya Akademiya Nauk Ukraini, Kiev.

Rafinesque, C.S. 1815. Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l’univers et des corps organisés. 223 pp. Privately published by author, Palermo.View article

Rambur, P. 1862. Description de coquilles fossiles des faluns de la Touraine. Journal de Conchyliologie 10, 172-182.

Rasser, M.W. & Salvador, R.B. 2019. Reassessment of Gyraulus spp. (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) from the Middle Miocene of Nördlinger Ries, Germany. Journal of Conchology 43(4), 345-351.

Reid, D.G., Dyal, P., Lozouet, P., Glaubrecht, M. & Williams, S.T. 2008. Mudwhelks and mangroves: The evolutionary history of an ecological association (Gastropoda: Potamididae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47(2), 680-699.View article

Reuss, A.E. 1849. Beschreibung der fossilen Ostracoden und Mollusken der tertiären Süsswasserschichten des nördlichen Böhmens, 16-43. In Reuss , A.E. & Meyer , H. von (eds) Die tertiären Süßwassergebilde des nördlichen Böhmen’s und ihre fossilen Thierreste. Palaeontographica 2.

Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Tome quatrieme. 439 pp. Levrault, Paris.View article

Rolle, F. 1862. Über einige neue oder wenig gekannte Mollusken-Arten aus Tertiär-Ablagerungen. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 44(1), 205-223.

Sacco, F. 1895a. I Molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte XVII. (Cerithiidae, Triforidae, Cerithiopsidae e Diastomidae). 83 pp. Carlo Clausen, Torino.

Sacco, F. 1895b. I molluschi dei terreni Terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte XVIII (Melaniidae, Littorinidae, Fossaridae, Rissoidae, Hydrobiidae, Paludinidae e Valvatidae). 52 pp. Carlo Clausen, Torino.

Salvador, R.B. & Rasser, M.W. 2014. The fossil pulmonate snails of Sandelzhausen (Early/Middle Miocene, Germany) (Hygrophila, Punctoidea and limacoids). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 143(2), 187-202.View article

Salvador, R.B. & Rasser, M.W. 2016. The fossil land and freshwater snails of Oggenhausen (Middle Miocene, Germany). Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 19(1), 41-52.View article

Salvador, R.B. & Rasser, M.W. 2017. Fossil terrestrial and freshwater Gastropoda from the Early/Middle Miocene of Heuchlingen, Germany. Archiv für Molluskenkunde 146(2), 233-241.View article

Salvador, R.B., Sach, V.J. & Valentas-Romera, B.L. 2015. The fossil continental mollusks in the Upper Freshwater Molasse (Middle Miocene) of the districts of Biberach, Ravensburg and Neu, Ulm, Germany. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 18(2), 201-216.View article

Salvador, R.B., Höltke, O., Rasser, M.W. & Kadolsky, D. 2016a. Annotated type catalogue of the continental fossil gastropods in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany. Palaeodiversity 9, 15-70.View article

Salvador, R.B., Pipperr, M., Reichenbacher, B. & Rasser, M.W. 2016b. Early Miocene continental gastropods from new localities of the Molasse Basin in southern Germany. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 90(3), 469-491.View article

Salvador, R.B., Prieto, J., Mayr, C. & Rasser, M.W. 2016c. New gastropod assemblages from the Early/Middle Miocene of Riedensheim and Adelschlag-Fasanerie, southern Germany. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 279(2), 127-154.View article

Sandberger, C.L.F. 1870-1875. Die Land- und Süßwasser-Conchylien der Vorwelt. livr. 1-3: pp. 1-96, pl. 1-12 (1870); livr. 4-5: pp. 97-160, pl. 13-20 (1871); livr. 6-8: pp. 161-256, pl. 21-32 (1872); livr. 9-10: pp. 257-352, pl. 33-36 (1873); livr. 11: pp. i-viii + 353-1000 (1875). C.W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden.View article

Sars, M. 1829. Bidrag til Söedyrenes naturhistorie. Förste Haefte. Med sex illuminerede steentryktavler. 59 pp. Chr. Dahl, Bergen.

Say, T. 1817. Descriptions of seven species of American fresh water and land shells, not noticed in the systems. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1(1-2), 13-18.

Schaffer, F.X. 1912. Das Miocän von Eggenburg. Die Fauna der ersten Mediterranstufe des Wiener Beckens und die geologischen Verhältnisse der Umgebung des Manhartsberges in Niederösterreich. Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt 22(2), 1-193.

Schlickum, W.R. 1964. Die Molluskenfauna der Süßbrackwassermolasse Niederbayerns. Archiv für Molluskenkunde 93, 1-70.

Schlickum, W.R. 1976. Die in der pleistozänen Gemeindekiesgrube von Zwiefaltendorf a. d. Donau abgelagerte Molluskenfauna der Silvanaschichten. Archiv für Molluskenkunde 107(1-3), 1-31.

Schmidt, A. 1855. Der Geschlechtsapparat der Stylommatophoren in taxonomischer Hinsicht. Abhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Sachsen und Thüringen in Halle 1(1), 1-52.

Schütt, H. & Besenecker, H. 1973. Eine Molluskenfauna aus dem Neogen von Chios (Ägäis). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 103(1/3), 1-29.

Selmeczi, I. 1987. Keleti-Paratethys kapcsolatot bizonyító puhatestű fajok a hidasi barnakőszén medence miocén képződményeiből [Mollusc species in the Miocene formations of the Hidas Browncoal Basin (S Hungary) proving connections with the Eastern Paratethys]. Földtani Közlöny 117(1), 71-78.

Seneš, J. 1955. Stratigrafický a biofaciálny výskum niektorých neogenných sedimentov východného Slovenska na základe makrofauny [Stratigraphic and biofacies research of some Neogene sediments of eastern Slovakia based on macrofauna]. Geologické práce 40, 1-160.

Starobogatov, Y.I. 1970. Fauna mollyuskov i zoogeographicheskoye rayonirovaniye kontinental’nykh vo do emov zemnogo shara. 372 pp. Nauka, Leningrad.

Stimpson, W. 1865. Researches upon the Hydrobiinae and allied forms: chiefly made from materials in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 7, 1-59.

Strausz, L. 1966. Die miozän-mediterranen Gastropoden Ungarns. 693 pp. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.

Studencka, B., Gontsharova, I.A. & Popov, S.V. 1998. The bivalve faunas as a basis for reconstruction of the Middle Miocene history of the Paratethys. Acta Geologica Polonica 48(3), 285-342.

Stworzewicz, E. 1999. Miocene land snails from Bełchatów (Central Poland), IV: Pupilloidea (Gastropoda Pulmonata). Systematic, biostratigraphic and palaeoecological studies. Folia Malacologica 7, 133-170.View article

Stworzewicz, E., Prisyazhnyuk, V.A. & Górka, M. 2013. Systematic and palaeoecological study of Miocene terrestrial gastropods from Zwierzyniec (southern Poland). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 83, 179-200.

Švagrovský, J. 1960. Biostratigrafia a fauna mäkkýšov vrchného Tortónu východného úpätia Slanských hôr [Die Biostratigraphie und Molluskenfauna aus dem Obertorton des östlichen Fusses des Gebirges Slanské Hory]. Geologické práce 57, 1-216.

Švagrovský, J. 1964. Zur Torton-Sarmat Grenze im ostslowakischen Neogen. Geologický sborník 15(1), 79-86.

Švagrovský, J. 1982. Gastropoda, Prosobranchia. Teil 1. Archaeogastropoda und Mesogastropoda des oberen Badeniens von Borský Mikuláš (NO-Teil des Wiener Beckens) und ihre stratigraphische Bedeutung. Geologica Carpathica 33(1), 3-50.

Swainson, W. 1840. A Treatise on Malacology; or, the Natural Classification of Shells and Shell Fish. 419 pp. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans; John Taylor, London.View article

Taktakishvili, I.G. 1967. Istoricheskoye razvitiye semeystva valensiyenniid. 192 pp. Metsniyereba, Tbilisi.

Tămaş, D.M., Tămaş, A. & Popa, M.V. 2013. Early Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) molluscs from Răcăştia (Romania). Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 9(1), 67-81.

Thiele, J. 1929-1935. Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde. 1154 pp. Vol. 1 part 1: 1-376 [between 4 September and 21 October 1929]; Vol. 1 part 2: 377-778 [before 31 October 1931]; Vol. 2 part 3: 779-1022 [before 19 January 1934]; Vol. 2 part 4: i-iv, 1023-1154, i-vi for volume 1 [before 27 March 1935]. Fischer, Jena.

Thivaiou, D., Harzhauser, M. & Koskeridou, E. 2019. Early Miocene gastropods from the Felli section (Proto-Mediterranean Sea, NW Greece). Geodiversitas 41(8), 323-366.View article

Thivaiou, D., Harzhauser, M. & Koskeridou, E. 2023. Cenozoic diversity and distribution of the mangrove-and mudflat-associated gastropod genus Terebralia Swainson, 1840 (Potamididae: Caenogastropoda) in Europe. Comptes Rendus Palevol 22(14), 245-264.View article

Thomä, C. 1845. Fossile Conchylien aus den Tertiärschichten bei Hochheim und Wiesbaden gesammelt und im naturhistorischen Museum zu Wiesbaden ausgestellt. Jahrbücher des Vereins für Naturkunde in Nassau 2, 125-162.

Tryon, G.W. 1866. Monograph of the terrestrial Mollusca of the United States. American Journal of Conchology 2(3-4), 218-279, pl. 1-4 [1 July]; 306-327, pl. 5-6 [6 October].

Turton, W. 1831. A Manual of the Land and Freshwater Shells of the British Islands Arranged According to the More Modern Systems of Classification; and Described from Perfect Specimens in the Author’s Cabinet: With Coloured Plates of Every Species. 152 pp. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans, London.View article

Van Dingenen, F., Ceulemans, L. & Landau, B.M. 2016. The lower Pliocene gastropods of Le Pigeon Blanc (Loire-Atlantique, north west France), 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research 16(2), 109-219.

Van Mol, J.J. 1967. Étude morphologique et phylogénétique du ganglion cérébroide des Gastéropodes Pulmonés (Mollusques). Académie Royale de Belgique, Classe des Sciences, Mémoires 37(5), 1-168.

Vinarski, M.V. 2014. A comparative study of shell variation in two morphotypes of Lymnaea stagnalis (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Zoological Studies 53(1), 69.View article

Welter-Schultes, F.W. 2012. European Non-Marine Molluscs, a Guide for Species Identification. 679 pp. Planet Poster Editions, Göttingen.

Wenz, W. 1923-1930. Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia. Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria. Diener, C. I: pp. 1-352 (1923), II: pp. 353-736 (1923), III: pp. 737-1068 (1923), IV: pp. 1069-1420 (1923), V: pp. 1421-1734 (1923), VI: pp. 1735-1862 (1923), VII: pp. 1863-2230 (1926), VIII: pp. 2231-2502 (1928), IX: pp. 2503-2886 (1929), X: pp. 2887-3014 (1929), XI: pp. 3015-3387 (1930). W. Junk, Berlin.

Wenz, W. 1932. Brotia escheri inornata n. subsp. aus Süßwasserablagerungen des Tortons von Hidasd (Korn. Tolna, Ungarn). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 64, 15-17.

Wenz, W. 1938-1944. Gastropoda. Teil 1: Allgemeiner Teil und Prosobranchia, 1-1639. In Schindewolf, O.H. (ed.) Handbuch der Paläozoologie, Band 6. Verlag Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin.

Wollaston, T.V. 1878. Testacea Atlantica or the Land and Freshwater Shells of the Azores, Madeiras, Salvages, Canaries, Cape Verdes, and Saint Helena. 588 pp. Reeve, London.View article

Yang, Y., Templado, J., Puillandre, N. & Zardoya, R. 2024. Mitogenomic phylogeny of Nassariidae (Neogastropoda: Buccinoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies 90(3), eyae020.View article

Zhizhchenko, B. 1936. Paleontologija SSSR. Tom X, Chast’ 3: Chokrakskie Mollyuski. 355 pp. Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva.

Zieten, C.H. von 1830-1833. Die Versteinerungen Württembergs, oder naturgetreue Abbildungen der in den vollständigsten Sammlungen, namentlich der in dem Kabinet des Oberamts-Arzt Dr. Hartmann befindlichen Petrefacten, mit Angabe der Gebirgs-Formationen, in welchen dieselben vorkommen und der Fundorte. 1-16 pp., pl. 1-12 (1830); pp. 17-32, pl. 13-24 (1831); pp. 33-64, pl. 25-48 (1832); pp. 65-102, pl. 49-72 (1833). Verlag & Lithographie der Expedition des Werkes unserer Zeit, Stuttgart.View article