Current IF 1.9
Latest issue (RSS 2.0)
Contact Editorial Office at
bulletin@geology.cz

Bulletin of Geosciences
Published by ©
Czech Geological Survey,
W. Bohemia Museum Pilsen
Individual sponsors
ISSN: 1802-8225 (online),
1214-1119 (print)

Calcareous tube-dwelling encrusting polychaetes from a lower-middle Miocene sedimentary succession, Cairo-Suez District, Egypt
Published in: Bulletin of Geosciences, volume 97, issue 2; pages: 203 - 217; Received 5 December 2021; Accepted in revised form 22 February 2022; Online 13 March 2022
Keywords: polychaetes, systematics, palaeoecology, palaeobiogeography, Miocene, Northeast Africa,
Abstract
This work represents the first systematic study of fossil calcareous tube-dwelling encrusting polychaetes to be conducted in Egypt. A total of 396 polychaete specimens were reported from the lower and middle Miocene Gharra and Geniefa formations, respectively, exposed at the Gebel Gharra section, Cairo-Suez District, Egypt. The tubeworms have been found attached to shells of oysters followed by pectinid shells, but there are few other gastropods and corals having rare attached tubes. At least nine polychaete taxa, belonging to eight genera, have been identified and systematically described. The tubeworm association is dominated by Hydroides (39.9% of the total polychaete specimens), Filograna (25.8%), Spirobranchus (12.6%), Hyalopomatus (10.6%), and Glomerula (8.1%). Stratigraphically, Hydroides sp. and spirorbid worms were exclusively reported from the lower Miocene succession; Protula? sp. from the middle Miocene, whereas the remaining species (Filograna cf. implexa, Hyalopomatus? sp., Hydroides cf. elegans, Protis? sp., Spirobranchus cf. triqueter and Glomerula? sp.) were reported from lower?middle Miocene sediments. Only fully marine polychaete species occur in the association, characterizing shallow subtropical marine conditions. The species reported show palaeobiogeographical affinities with the Miocene of Italy, Austria, and Slovakia and are characteristic of present-day Atlantic-Mediterranean regions.References
Abdelghany, O. 2002. Lower Miocene stratigraphy of the Gabal Shabrawet area, north Eastern Desert, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences 34, 203?212.
Abdelghany, O. & Piller, E. 1999. Biostratigraphy of Lower Miocene sections in the Eastern Desert (Cairo-Suez District, Egypt). Revue de Paléobiologie 18(2), 607?617.
Bastida-Zavala, J. 2012. Serpula and Spiraserpula (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Western Atlantic and Gulf of Guinea. ZooKeys 198, 1?23.
Bastida-Zavala, J. & Hove, H. ten 2002. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Western Atlantic Region. Beaufortia 52(9), 103?178.
Bastida-Zavala, J. & Hove, H. ten 2003. Revision of Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the eastern Pacific Region and Hawaii. Beufortia 53(4), 6?110.
Ben-Eliahu, M. & Hove, H. ten 2011. Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal?from a lessepsian migration perspective (a monograph). Zootaxa 2848, 1-147.
Berkeley, M.J. 1835. Observations upon the Dentalium subulatum of Deshayes. The Zoological Journal 5, 424?427.
Bialik, O., Frank, M., Betzler, C., Zammit, R. & Waldmann, N. 2019. Two-step closure of the Miocene Indian Ocean Gateway to the Mediterranean. Scientific Reports 9, 8842.
Bianchi, C.N. 1981. Policheti Serpulidei. Guide per il riconoscimento delle specie animali delle acque lagunari e costiere italiane. 187 pp. AQ/1/96, 5, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genova.
Blainville, H.M.D. de. 1818. Mémoire sur la classe des Sétipodes, partie des Vers a sang rouge de M. Cuvier, et des Annélides de M. de Lamarck. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris 1818, 78?85.
Bromley, R.G. 1970. Borings as trace fossils and Entobia cretacea Portlock, as an example. Geological Journal 3, 49-90.
Brünnich Nielsen, K. 1931. Serpulidae from the Senonian and Danian deposits of Denmark. Meddelelser fra Dansk Geologisk Forening 8, 71?113.
Bush, K.J. 1907. Descriptions of two genera of tubicolous annelids, Paravermilia and Pseudovermilia, with species from Bermuda referable to them. American Journal of Science 23(134), 131?136.
Claparede, É. 1870. Les Annélides Chétopodes du Golfe de Naples. Supplément Mémoires de la Société de physique et d’histoire naturelle de Geneve 20(2), 365?542.
Daudin, F.M. 1800. Receuil de mémoires et de notes sur des especes inédites ou peu connues de Mollusques, de vers et de zoophytes. 50 pp. Fuchs & Treuttel et Wurtz, Paris.
Day, J.H. 1961. The Polychaet [sic] Fauna of South Africa. Part 6. Sedentary species dredged off Cape coasts with a few new records from the shore. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 44(299), 463?560.
Depéret, Ch. & Fourtau, R. 1900. Sur les Terrains Neogene de la Basse-Egypte et de l’Isthme de Suez. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 131, 401?403.
Deshayes, G.P. 1835. Mollusques, 81?203. In Bory de Saint-Vincent, J.-B. (ed.) Expédition scientifique de Morée. Section des sciences physiques. Tome III (1.re Partie). Zoologie. F.G. Levrault, Paris.
Díaz-Castaneda, V. & Reish, D. 2009. Polychaetes in environmental studies, 205?227. In Shain, D.H. (ed.) Annelids in modern biology. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.
Dorgham, M., Hamdy, R., El-Rashidy, H. & Atta, M. 2013. First records of polychaetes new to Egyptian Mediterranean waters. Oceanologia 55, 235-267.
Ehlers, E. 1887. Report on the Annelids. Reports on the results of dredging, under the direction of L.F. Pourtales, during the years 1868?1870, and of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Caribbean Sea, in the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 15, 1?335.
El Hedeny, M. & El-Sabbagh, A. 2018. Entobia ichnofacies from the Middle Miocene carbonate succession of the northern Western Desert of Egypt. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 88(1), 1?19.
El Hedeny, M., Rashwan, M., Richiano, S., Al Farraj, S. & Al Basher, G. 2021. Epi- and endobiont faunal communities on an Egyptian Mediterranean rocky shore: Species composition and their competition for space. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 39, 198-207.
El-Sabbagh, A. & El Hedeny, M. 2016. A shell concentration of the Middle Miocene Crassostrea gryphoides (Schlotheim, 1813) from Siwa Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences 120, 1?11.
El-Sabbagh, A., El Hedeny, M., Rashwan, M. & Abdel Aal, A. 2016. The bivalve Placuna (Indoplacuna) miocenica from the Middle Miocene of Siwa Oasis, Western Desert of Egypt: Systematic paleontology, paleoecology, and taphonomic implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences 116, 68?80.
El-Sorogy, A., Abd-Elmoneim, M., Mowafi, A., Al-Kahtany, K. & Gahlan, H. 2017. Facies analysis and biostratigraphy of the Miocene sequence, Cairo-Suez District, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences 28(1), 1-8.
Garberoglio, R. & Lazo, D. 2011. Post-mortem and symbiotic sabellid and serpulid-coral associations from the Lower Cretaceous of Argentina. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 14(3), 215?228.
Goldfuss, A. 1826-1844. Petrefacta Germaniae. Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Petrefacten Deutschlands und der angränzenden Länder. 252 pp. Arnz & Co., Düsseldorf.
Golonka, J. 2009. Phanerozoic paleoenvironment and paleolithofacies maps: Cenozoic. Geologia 35, 507-587.
Gosselin, L.A. & Sewell, M.A. 2013. Reproduction, larval development and settlement of the intertidal serpulid polychaete Spirobranchus cariniferus. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93(5), 1249?1256.
Grube, A.E. 1850. Die Familien der Anneliden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 16, 249?364.
Gunnerus, J.E. 1768. Om Nogle Norske Coraller. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 4, 38?73.
Haswell, W.A. 1883. On some new Australian tubicolous annelids. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 7(4), 633?638.
Hayward, B. 1977. Lower Miocene polychaetes from the Waitakere Ranges, North Auckland, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 7(1), 5?16.
Hill, R. 2013. The importance of serpulid reefs and their vulnerability to ocean acidification: editorial comment on the feature article by Smith et al. Marine Biology 160, 2279-2280.
Hove, H.A. ten & Kupriyanova, E.K. 2009. Taxonomy of Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta): The state of affairs. Zootaxa 2036, 1?126.
Ippolitov, A. 2007a. Contribution to the revision of some late Callovian serpulids (Annelida, Polychaeta) of central Russia: Part 1. Paleontological Journal 41, 260-267.
Ippolitov, A. 2007b. Contribution to the revision of some late Callovian serpulids (Annelida, Polychaeta) of central Russia: Part 2. Paleontological Journal 41, 429-436.
Ippolitov, A. 2010. Serpulid (Annelida, Polychaeta) evolution and ecological diversification patterns during Middle-Late Jurassic. Earth Science Frontiers 17, 207-208.
Ippolitov, A., Vinn, O., Kupriyanova, E. & Jäger, M. 2014. Written in stone: history of serpulid polychaetes through time. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71, 123-159.
Jäger, M. 1983. Serpulidae (Polychaeta sedentaria) aus der norddeutschen höheren Oberkreide?Systematik, Stratigraphie, Ökologie. Geologisches Jahrbuch Reihe A68, 3?219.
Jäger, M. 2004. Serpulidae und Spirorbidae (Polychaeta sedentaria) aus Campan und Maastricht von Norddeutschland, den Niederlanden, Belgien und angrenzenden Gebieten. Geologisches Jahrbuch A157, 121-249.
Jäger, M. 2012. Sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta sedentaria) from the type Maastrichtian, the Netherlands and Belgium. Scripta Geologica Special Issue 8, 45?81.
Jäger, M. 2014. Serpuliden und Sabelliden. Geologica Saxonica 60(1), 57?81.
Jäger, M. & Kočí, T. 2007. A new serpulid, Placostegus velimensis sp. nov., from the Lower Turonian of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. Acta Geologica Polonica 57(1), 89-96.
Jones, M.L. 1962. On some polychaetous annelids from Jamaica, the West Indies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 124(5), 169?212.
Knight-Jones, E. 1951. Gregariousness and some other aspects of the setting behavior of Spirorbis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK 30, 201-222.
Koçak, F., Ergen, Z. & Çinar, M. 1999. Fouling organisms and their developments in a polluted and an unpolluted marina in the Aegean Sea (Turkey). Ophelia 50, 1-20.
Kočí, T. & Ledvák, P. 2014. Preliminary report on the tube dwelling polychaetes from the Upper Badenian locality Devín-Merice (Lingula Bed) of the Central Paratethys, 33-34. In Kyška Pipík, R., Soták, J. & Šurka, J. (eds) 15th Czech - Polish - Slovak Paleontological Conference, Abstract book. Slovak Academy of Sciences, Banská Bystrica.
Kočí, T., Jäger, M., & Morel, N. 2017. Sabellid and serpulid worm tubes (Polychaeta, Canalipalpata, Sabellida) from the historical stratotype of the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous; Le Mans region, Sarthe, France). Annales de Paléontologie 103, 45-80.
Kroh, A. & Nebelsick, J. 2003. Echinoid assemblages as a tool for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction - an example from the Early Miocene of Egypt. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 201(1?2), 157?177.
Lamarck, J.-B. de 1802. Discours d’Ouverture, Prononcé le 27 floréal An 10, au Muséum d’Histoire naturelle. Recherches sur l’organisation des corps vivans. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique (5th series) 40, 483-517.
Latreille, P.A. 1825. Familles naturelles du regne animal, exposé succinctement et dans un ordre analytique avec l’indication de leurs genres. 570 pp. J.B. Bailliere, Paris.
Levinsen, G.M.R. 1883. Systematisk-geografisk Oversigt over de nordiske Annulata, Gephyrea, Chaetognathi og Balanoglossi. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistorisk Forening i Köbenhavn 1882, 160-251.
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10th edition. 824 pp. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae.
Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 12th edition. 533-1327. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae.
Mandic, O. & Piller, W. 2001. Pectinid coquinas and their palaeoenvironmental implications - examples from the Early Miocene of northeastern Egypt. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 172, 171?191.
Marenzeller, E. von 1878. Die Coelenteraten, Echinodermen und Würmer der K.K. Österreichisch-Ungarischen Nordpol-Expedition. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Wien 35, 357?398.
Montagu, G. 1803. Testacea Britannica or Natural history of British shells, marine, land, and fresh-water, including the most minute: Systematically arranged and embellished with figures. Vol. 1, 291 pp., Vol. 2, 293-606. J. White, London.
Pallas, P.S. 1766. Miscellanea zoologica. Quibus novae imprimis atque obscurae animalium species describuntur et observationibus iconibusque illustrantur. 224 pp. Apud Petrum van Cleef, Hagae Comitum.
Philippi, A. 1844. Einige Bemerkungen über die Gattung Serpula, nebst Aufzählung der von mir im Mittelmeer mit dem Thier beobachteten Arten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin 10(1), 186?198.
Pillai, T.G. 1970. Studies on a collection of spirorbids from Ceylon, together with a critical review and revision of spirorbid systematics and an account of their phylogeny and zoogeography. Ceylon Journal of Science 8, 100-172.
Radwańska, U. 2004. Tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Upper Oxfordian of Wapienno/Bielawy Couiavia region, north-central Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica 54, 35-52.
Rafinesque, C.S. 1815. Analyse de la nature ou Tableau de l’universe et des corps organisés. 224 pp. Aux de´pens de l’auteur, Palermo.
Regenhardt, H. 1961. Serpulidae (Polychaeta Sedentaria) aus der Kreide Mitteleuropas, ihre ökologische, taxionomische und stratigraphische Bewertung. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 30, 5?115.
Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. 439 pp. Levrault, Paris.
Rouse, G. & Pleijel, F. 2001. Polychaetes. 354 pp. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Rovereto, G. 1904. Studi monografici sugli Annelidi fossili, 1, Terziario. Paleontographia Italica 10, 1-73.
Sadek, H. 1959. The Miocene in the Gulf of Suez region (Egypt). 118 pp. Egyptian Geological Survey, Cairo, Egypt.
Said, R. 1962. The Geology of Egypt. 377 pp. Elsevier publication company, Amsterdam, New York.
Said, R. 1990. The Geology of Egypt. 721 pp. Balkema, Rotterdam.
Sanfilippo, R. 2009. New species of Hyalopomatus Marenzeller, 1878 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Serpulidae) from Recent Mediterranean deep water coral mounds and comments on some congeners. Zoosystema 31, 147-161.
Sanfilippo, R., Rosso, A., Reitano, A. & Insacco, G. 2017. First record of sabellid and serpulid polychaetes from the Permian of Sicily. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62, 25-38.
Schlotheim, E.F. von 1820. Die Petrefactenkunde auf ihrem jetztigen Standpunkte durch die Beschreibung seiner Sammlung versteinerter und fossiler Überreste des Thier- und Pflanzenreichs der Vorwelt. 437 pp. Becker, Gotha.
Schmidt, W. 1955. Die Tertiären Würmer Österreichs. Denkschriften der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 109, 1?121.
Sklenář, J., Kočí, T. & Jäger, M. 2013. Late Turonian polychaete communities recorded in the hemipelagic sediments of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (Teplice Formation, Ohře and Dresden districts). Bulletin of Geosciences 88(3), 675-695.
Souaya, F. 1961. Contribution to the study of Miogypsina s.l. from Egypt. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen 64(B), 665?705.
Souaya, F. 1963. On the foraminifera of Gabal Gharra (Cairo-Suez road) and some other Miocene samples. Journal of Paleontology 37(2), 433?457.
Souaya, F. 1966. Miocene foraminifera of the Gulf of Suez region, U.A.R. Part 3: Biostratigraphy. Micropaleontology 12(2), 183?202.
Taylor, P. 2016. Competition between encrusters on marine hard substrates and its fossil record. Palaeontology 59, 481- 497.
Veselská, M.K., Kočí, T., Jäger, M., Mikuláš, R., Heřmanová, Z., Morel, N. & Šamánek, J. 2021. Sclerobionts on tubes of the serpulid Pyrgopolon (Pyrgopolon) deforme (Lamarck, 1818) from the upper Cenomanian of Le Mans region, France. Cretaceous Research 125, 104873.
Vinn, O. 2007. Taxonomic implications and fossilization of tube ultrastructure of some Cenozoic serpulids (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Europe. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 244, 115-128.
Vinn, O. 2020. Biomineralization of polychaete annelids in the fossil record. Minerals 10, 858.
Vinn, O., Hove, H. ten & Mutvei, H. 2008. On the tube ultrastructure and origin of calcification in sabellids (Annelida, Polychaeta). Palaeontology 51(2), 295-301.
Vinn, O., Kupriyanova, E. & Kiel, S. 2012. Systematics of serpulid tubeworms (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Cretaceous and Cenozoic hydrocarbon-seep deposits in North America and Europe. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 265, 315-325.
Zibrowius, H. 1969. Review of some little-known genera of Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 42, 1?22.
Zibrowius, H. 1992. Ongoing modification of the Mediterranean marine fauna and flora by the establishment of exotic species. Mésogée 51, 83-107.