Review of the Early to Mid Ordovician orthoconic cephalopods from Iran

 

Authors: Evans DH, Ghobadi Pour M, Popov LE

Published in: Bulletin of Geosciences, volume 88, issue 1; pages: 21 - 44; Received 20 March 2012; Accepted in revised form 3 July 2012; Online 29 October 2012

Keywords: Tremadocian, Darriwilian, Endocerida, Orthocerida, taxonomy, biogeography,

full text (PDF, 3.41 MB)

Export to RIS

 

Abstract

Cephalopods from the late Tremadocian of the Eastern Alborz and the Darriwilian of the Eastern Alborz and Derenjal Mountains consist of relatively poorly preserved, low diversity assemblages of endocerids and orthoceratoids. Bactroceras sp. from the late Tremadocian of the Eastern Alborz is one the earliest occurrences of the genus; similar in age to those from the Montagne Noire, France, and consistent with other high latitude records during the Early Ordovician. Darriwilian taxa consist of an unnamed troedssonellid previously recorded from Sweden, three taxa ascribed to Virgoceras Flower, Sactorthoceras sp. and Gangshanoceras? sp. By comparison with the coeval cephalopod faunas of South China and Baltica, those described here are of very low diversity, but are common to both areas. Darriwilian cephalopod assemblages from other parts of high latitude peri-Gondwana remain poorly known, but consist of eothinoceratids, bathmoceratids, endocerids and orthoceratoids. The Iranian faunas provide a glimpse of the generic composition of part this high latitude assemblage, and indicate clear links with those of South China and Baltica.

References

Alavi, M. 1991. Tectonic map of the Middle East, scale 1:5,000,000. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran.

Alavi-Naini, M. 1993. Paleozoic stratigraphy of Iran, 1–492. In Hushmandzadeh, A. (ed.) Treatise on the Geology of Iran 5. [in Farsi]

Babin, C. 1966. Mollusques bivalves et cephalopods du Paléozoique Armoricain. Édude systematique essai sure la phylogénie des bivalves esquisse paleoécologique. 470 pp. Imprimerie Commercial et Administrative, Brest.

Babin, C. & Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C. 1992. Intéret paléobiogéograpique de la presence du genre Trocholites (Cephalopoda, Nautiloidea) dans le Dobrovitá (Llandeilo) inférieur d’Espagne. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte 1992, 100–122.

Balashov, Z.G. 1968. Endotseratoidei ordovika, SSSR. 277 pp. Izdatelstvo Leningradskogo Universiteta, Leningrad. [in Russian]

Barrande, J. 1865–1877. Systeme silurien du centre de la Boheme. Vol. II. Céphalopodes. Texte: 1867, part 1, 712 pp.; 1870, part 2, 263 pp.; 1874, part 3, 804 pp.; 1877, part 4, 742 pp.; 1877, part 5, 743 pp.; supplement: 1877, 297 pp.; 1865, pls 1–107; 1866, pls 108–244; 1868, pls 245–350; 1868, pls 351–460; 1870, pls 351–460; 1877, pls 461–544. Privately published, Prague & Paris.

Berberian, M. & King, G.C.P. 1981. Towards a Paleogeography and Tectonic Evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 18, 210–265. View article

Bergeron, J. 1894 (1893). Notes paléontologiques I. Crustacés. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France 21, 333–346.

Bruton, D.L., Wright, A.J. & Hamedi, M.A. 2004. Ordovician trilobites from Iran. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A 271, 111–149.View article

Chen, T. 1984. The Ordovician cephalopod fauna and the subdivision of the Ordovician of southern Xizang (Tibet). Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 23, 452–468. [in Chinese, English abstract]

Cichowolski, M. & Vaccari, N.E. 2011. The oldest record of Eothinoceratidae (Ellesmerocerida, Nautiloidea): middle Tremadocian of the Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina. Geological Journal 46, 42–51. View article

Dastanpoor, M., Evans, D.H. & Bassett, M.G. 2006. A new orthoceratoid cephalopod from the Ordovician (Caradoc) of east-central Iran. Geobios 39, 337–345. View article

Evans, D.H. 2000. A cephalopod fauna from the Ordovician of Saudi Arabia. Palaeontology 43, 573–589. View article

Evans, D.H. 2005. The Lower and Middle Ordovician cephalopod faunas of England and Wales. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 158(623), 1–81.

Fischer, A.G. & Teichert, C. 1969. Cameral deposits in cephalopod shells. Unoversity of Kansas Paleontological Contributions 37, 1–30.

Flower, R.H. 1939. Study of the Pseudorthoceratidae. Palaeontographica Americana 2, 1–214.

Flower, R.H. 1946. Ordovician cephalopods of the Cincinnati region. Bulletin of American Paleontology 29, 1–656.

Flower, R.H. 1962. Notes on the Michelinoceratida. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Memoir 10, 21–55.

Flower, R.H. & Kummel, B. 1950. A classification of the Nautiloidea. Journal of Paleontology 24, 604–616.

Foerste, A.F. 1926. Actinosiphonate, trochoceroid, and other cephalopods. Denison University Bulletin, Journal Science Laboratories 21, 285–384.

Foord, A.H. 1887. On Endoceras duplex Wahl., with descriptions of three new species of Endoceras from the Ordovician of Sweden and Russia contained in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5(20), 393–409. View article

Fortey, R.A. & Cocks, L.R.M. 2003. Palaeontological evidence bearing on global Ordovician-Silurian continental reconstructions. Earth Science Reviews 61, 245–307. View article

Gabbot, S.E., Siveter, D.J., Aldridge, R.J. & Theron, J.N. 2003. The earliest myodocopes: Ostracodes from the late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstäte of South America. Lethaia 36, 151–160.

Gansser, A. & Huber, H. 1962. Geological observations in the Central Elburz, Iran. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 42, 593–630.

Ghavidel-Syooki, M. 2006. Palynostratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Cambro-Ordovician strata in southwest of Shahrud city (Kuh-e Kharbash, near Deh-Molla), Central Alborz, Northern Iran. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 139, 81–95. View article

Ghobadi Pour, M. 2006. Early Ordovician (Tremadocian) trilobites from Simeh-Kuh, Eastern Alborz, Iran, 93–118. In Bassett, M.G. & Deisler, V.K. (eds) Studies in Palaeozoic palaeontology, National Museum of Wales Geological Series 25.

Ghobadi Pour, M., Kebriaee-Zadeh, M.-R. & Popov, L.E. 2011a. Early Ordovician (Tremadocian) brachiopods from Eastern Alborz Mountains, Iran. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 60, 65–82. View article

Ghobadi Pour, M., Mohibullah, M.,Williams, M., Popov, L.E. & Tolmacheva, T.Y. 2011b. New early ostracods from the Ordovician (Tremadocian) of Iran: systematic, biogeographical and palaeoecological significance. Alcheringa 35, 517–529. View article

Ghobadi Pour, M. & Popov, L.E. 2009. Fist report on the occurrence of Neseuretinus and Ovalocephalus trilobites in the Middle Ordovician of Iran. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54, 125–133. View article

Ghobadi Pour, M., Popov, L.E., Kebriaee-Zadeh, M.R. & Baars, C. 2011. Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) brachiopods associated with the Neseuretus biofacies from Eastern Alborz Mountains, Iran. Memoirs of the Australasian Association of Palaeontologists 42, 263–283.

Ghobadi Pour, M. & Turvey, S.T. 2009. Revision of some Lower to Middle Ordovician leiostegiid trilobites from Iran and China. Memoirs of the Australian Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 37, 463–480.

Ghobadi Pour, M.,Vidal, M. & Hosseini-Nezhad, M. 2007b. An Early Ordovician Trilobite assemblage from the Lashkarak Formation, Damghan area, northern Iran. Geobios 40, 489–500. View article

Ghobadi Pour, M., Williams, M. & Popov, L. 2007a. A new Middle Ordovician arthropod fauna (Trilobita, Ostracoda, Bradoriida) from the Lashkarak Formation, Eastern Alborz Mountains, northern Iran. GFF 129, 245–254. View article

Ghobadi Pour, M., Williams, M., Vannier, J., Meidla, T. & Popov, L.E. 2006. Ordovician ostracods from east-central Iran. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51, 551–560.

Glaus, M. 1965. Die Geologie des Gebietes nördlich des Kandevan-Passes (Zentral Elburz), Iran. (Diss.) Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Institut der Eidgenössischen, Technische Hochschule und Universität Zürich, N.S. 48, 1–165.

Glenister, B.F. 1952. Ordovician nautiloids from New South Wales. Australian Journal of Science 15, 89–91.

Gregoire, C. & Teichert, C. 1965. Conchiolin membranes in shell and cameral deposits of Pennsylvanian cephalopods, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geology Notes 25, 175–201.

Hairapetian, V., Ghobadi Pour, M., Popov, L.E. & Modzalevskaya, T.L. 2012. Stegocornu and associated brachiopods from the Silurian (Llandovery) of Central Iran. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 61, 82–104. View article

Holm, G. 1898. Palaeontologiska notiser II: Om ett par Bactrites-liknade Untersiluriska Orthocera-former. Geologiska Föreningens I Stockhom Förhandlingar 20, 354–360.View article

Hook, S.C. & Flower, R.H. 1977. Late Canadian (Zones J, K) cephalopod faunas from southwestern United States. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Memoir 10, 1–102.

Hyatt, A. 1883–84. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Boston Society of Natural History, Proceedings 22, 253–338. [December 1883, pp. 253–272; January 1884, pp. 273–338]

Kalantari, A. 1981. Iranian fossils. Geological Laboratories Publication 9. 216 pp. Ministry of Oil, National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran.

King, A.H. 1990. Lower and Middle Ordovician Cephalopoda of Baltoscandia. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Wales, Swansea.

King, A.H. 1999. A review of Volkhovian and Kundan (Arenig-Llanvirn) nautiloids from Sweden, 137–159. In Olóriz, F. & Rodriguez-Tovar, F.J. (eds) Advancing research on living and fossil cephalopods. i–xvi + 550 pp. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York.View article

Kobayashi, T. 1934. The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Chosen. Palaeontology. Part I. Middle Ordovician faunas. Journal of the Faculty of Sciences, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section 2(3), 329–519.

Kobayashi, T. 1935. Restudy of Machuroceras with a brief note on the classification of Endoceroids. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 42, 436–452. View article

Kröger, B. 2004. Revision of Middle Ordovician orthoceratacean Nautiloids from Baltoscandia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49, 57–74.

Kröger, B., Beresi, M.S. & Landing, E. 2007. Early orthoceratoid cephalopods from the Argentine Precordillera (Lower – Middle Ordovician). Journal of Paleontology 81, 1263–1280.View article

Kröger, B., Ebbestad, J.O.R., Högström, A.E.S. & Frisk, A.M. 2011. Mass concentrations of Hirnatian cephalopods from the Siljan District, Sweden: taxonomy, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeographic relationships. Fossil Record 14, 35–53. View article

Kröger, B. & Evans, D.H. 2011. Review and palaeoecological analysis of the late Tremadocian – early Floian (Early Ordovician) cephalopod fauna of the Montagne Noire, France. Fossil Record 14, 5–34. View article

Kröger, B. & Isakar, M. 2006. Revision of annulated orthoceridian cephalopods of the Baltoscandian Ordovician. Fossil Record 9, 137–163. View article

Kröger, B. & Lefebvre, B. 2012. Palaeogeography and palaeoecology of early Floian (Early Ordovician) cephalopods from the Upper Fezouata Formation, Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Fossil Record. View article

Kröger, B., Zhang, Y. & Isakar, M. 2009. Discosorids and oncocerids (Cephalopoda) of the Middle Ordovician Kunda and Aseri stages of Baltoscandia and the early evolution of these groups. Geobios 42, 273–292. View article

Kuhn, O. 1940. Paläozoologie in Tabellen. 50 pp. G. Fischer, Jena.

Lindenberg, H.G., Gröler, K., Jacobshagen, V. & Ibbeken, H. 1984. Post-Paleozoic stratigraphy, structure and orogenetic evolution of the southern Sabzevar zone and the Taknar block. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhhandlungen 168, 287–326.View article

Marek, J. 1999. Ordovician cephalopods of the Prague Basin (Barrandian area, Czech Republic): a review. Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica 43, 413–416.

Manda, Š. 2008. Trocholites Conrad, 1838 (Nautiloidea, Tarphycerida) in the Middle Ordovician of the Prague Basin and its palaeobiogeographical significance. Bulletin of Geosciences 83, 327–334. View article

Mutvei, H. 2002. Connecting ring structure and its significance for classification of the orthoceratid cephalopods. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47, 157–168.

Pillet, J. 1973. Sur quelques trilobites ordoviciens d’Iran oriental. Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord 93, 33–38.

Popov, L.E., Ghobadi Pour, M., Bassett, M.G. & Kebriaee-Zadeh, M.R. 2009. Billingsellide and orthide brachiopods: New insights into earliest Ordovician evolution and biogeography from Northern Iran. Palaeontology 52, 35–52. View article

Popov, L.E., Ghobadi Pour, M. & Hosseini, M. 2008. Early to Middle Ordovician lingulate brachiopods from the Lashkarak Formation, Eastern Alborz Mountains, Iran. Alcheringa 32, 1–35. View article

Ramezani, J. & Tucker, R.D. 2003. The Saghand region, central Iran: U-Pb geochronology, petrogenesis and implications for Gondwana tectonics. American Journal of Science 303, 622–665. View article

Ruttner, A., Nabavi, M.H. & Hajian, J. 1968. Geology of the Shirgesht area (Tabas area, East Iran). Geological Survey of Iran Report No. 4, 1–133.

Sá, A.A. & Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C. 2009. Cefalópodos del Ordovícico de la Formación Valongo, norte de Portugal. Geogaceta 47, 9–12.

Reed, F.R.C. 1906. The Lower Palaeozoic fossils of the Northern Shan States, Burma. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series 2(3), 1–154.

Salter, J.W. 1849. Orthoceras vagans Salter, MSS, 153. In Sharpe, D. (ed.) On the geology of the neighbourhood of Oporto, including the Silurian coal and slates of Vallongo. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 5. Schlotheim, E.F. von 1820. Die Petrefactenkunde auf ihrem jetzigen Strandpunkte durch die Beschreibung seiner Sammlung versteinerter und fossiler Überreste des Theirund Pflanzenreichs der Vorwelt erläutert. lxii + 437 pp. Gotha.

Seilacher, A. 1969. Sedimentationsprozesse in Ammoniten. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz 9, 191–203.

Stöcklin, J. & Setudehnia, A. 1991. Stratigraphic lexicon of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran Report 18, 1–376.

Sweet, W.C. 1964. Orthocerida, 216–261. In Moore, R.C. (ed.) Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part K. Mollusca 3, Cephalopoda. General features, Endoceratoidea, Actinoceratoidea, Nautiloidea, Bactritoidea. xxxvii + 519 pp. Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press, Boulder & Lawrence.

Teichert, C. 1933. Der Bau der actinoceroiden cephalopoden. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A 78, 111–230.

Teichert, C. & Glenister, B.F. 1952. Fossil nautiloid faunas from Australia. Journal of Paleontology 26, 730–752.

Teichert, C. & Glenister, B.F. 1954. Early Ordovician cephalopod fauna from Northwestern Australia. Bulletins of American Paleontology 35, 153–258.

Torsvik, T.H. & Cocks, L.R.M. 2009. The Lower Palaeozoic palaeogeographical evolution of the northeastern and eastern peri-Gondwanan margin from Turkey to New Zealand, 3–22. In Bassett, M.G. (ed.) Early Palaeozoic Peri-Gondwana Terranes: New Insights from Tectonics and Biogeography. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 325.

Vannier, J.M.C. 1986. Ostracodes Binodicopa de l’Ordovicien (Arenig–Caradoc) Ibero-Armoricain. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A 193, 77–143.

Vannier, J.M.C., Abe, K. & Ikuta, K. 1998. Feeding in myodocopid ostracods: functional morphology and laboratory observations from videos. Marine Biology 3, 391–408. View article

Weitschat,W. 1983. Ostracoden (O. Myodocopida) mir Weichkörper-Erhaltung aus der Unter-Triass von. Spitzbergen. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 57, 309–333.View article

Xiao, C., Chen, Z., Liu, L. & He, Y. 2006. Ordovician cephalopod biofacies of South China and its provincialization. Journal of China University of Geosciences 17, 221–230. View article

Yabe, H. & Hayasaka, I. 1920. Palaeontology of South China. Geographical research in China, 1911–1916. Report 3. 221 pp. Geographical Society, Tokyo.

Zittel, K.A. von 1900. Text-book of paleontology. Vol. I. 706 pp. Macmillan, London & New York.

Zhang, T.R. 1981. Trilobita, 134–213. In Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources (ed.) Palaeontological atlas of Northwest China, Xinjiang, Vol. 1. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. [in Chinese]

Zhuravleva, F.A. 1959. O semeistve Michelinoceratidae. Materialy k Osnovam Paleontologii 3, 47–48.

Zhuravleva, F.A. 1964. New Ordovician and Silurian cephalopods from the Siberian platform. Paleontological Journal 1964(1), 87–100.

Zhuravleva, F.A. 1994. The order Dissidocerida (Cephalopoda). Paleontological Journal 28, 115–133.

Zhou, Z.Y. & Dean, W.T. 1986. Ordovician trilobites from Chedao, Gansu Province, north-west China. Palaeontology 29, 743–786.

Zou, X.P. 1988. Ordovician cephalopod fauna from Lunshan, Jurong, Jiangsu. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 27, 309–330. [in Chinese, English abstract]