Stopove prvky v lesnich pudach Ceska podle biogeochemickeho mapovani a jejich vztah k horninovemu podlozi

Results of ICP-Vegetation monitoring program were previously interpreted mainly for estimation of environmental pollution loads. The biochemical monitoring included determination of 36-40 elements in the mineral soil, forest-floor humus and biomass of selected plants of coniferous forests at ca. 250 sites across the Czech Republic. Here, we interpret the monitoring data chiefly in relation to the bedrock geology (and expected geochemistry). In the aboveground biomass (epigeic moss, grass, annual and biennial spruce needles) as well as in humus the relation of individual element concentration to its concentration in the mineral soil is usually missing or very weak, with exceptions mainly in the case of Mg, Rb, Sr, Cs and Ca.
Several ”exotic“ trace elements for which reliable petrochemical data have usually been insufficient are evaluated (Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Hg, Li, Mo, Tl; partial datasets were also interpreted for Ge, In and W; see Tables 1, 2). The comparison of soil- and biomass data shows that the influence of atmospheric deposition (or other superficial contamination) on B2 soil horizons is usually irrelevant except for Hg and Cd in some cases; otherwise an anomalous element content in B2 horizon should reflect the bedrock composition. The anomalies of Ag, As, Cd (accompanying Zn - Fig. 1), Hg, Li, Mo and possibly Cu are related to local or regional mineralizations rather than to specific rock types, while Bi and W are concentrated in granites (mainly in the Karlovy Vary region) and Tl shows high content in K-rich granites and durbachites with close relation to Rb (Fig. 3). Germanium and partly copper in both B1 and B2 horizons correlate significantly with Fe and Mn (Fig. 2).
In the biomass variability of the most elements is controlled by atmospheric deposition (including regional mineral dust), the peak values being mainly in areas of high dustiness (NW Bohemia, S Moravia). In the forest floor humus, the combined effect of atmospheric deposition and bedrock composition lead to regionally elevated contents of Ag, Bi, Mo, Sn and W mainly in mountains of northwestern and northern Bohemia (the same probably applies for In which, however, was determined in moss biomass only).

References

Abraham, M. - Dudek, A. - Fediuk, F. - Hůlka, L. - Jurák, L. - Malec, J. - Švestka, J. - Veleba, B. - Žáček, M. (2001): Regionální šlichová prospekce České republiky. - 259 str. GEOMIN, Jihlava. Čes. geol. služba, Praha. P099974.

Drahota, P. - Rohovec, J. - Filippi, M. - Mihaljevič, M. - Rychlovský, P. - Červený, V. - Pertold, Z. (2009): Mineralogical and geochemical controls of arsenic speciation and mobility under different redox conditions in soil, sediment and water at the Mokrsko-West gold deposit, Czech Republic. - Sci. Tot. Env. 407, 3372-3384.View article

Harmens, H. et al. (2015): Heavy metal and nitrogen concentrations in mosses are declining across Europe whilst some “hotspots” remain in 2010. - Env. Pollut. 200, 93-104.

Marešová, Z. - Sobotka, M. - Tytlová, A. (1980): Detailní geochemický výzkum v okolí Radošovic u Vlašimi. - MS Čes. geol. služba, Praha. P032852.

Navrátil, T. - Rohovec, J. - Skřivan, P. (2016): Lesní potok - čtvrtstoletí monitoringu modelového povodí. - 42 str. Strategie AV21. AV ČR, v. v. i. Praha.

Skála, J. - Vácha, R. - Čechmánková, J. (2011): Evaluation of arsenic occurrence in agricultural soils of the Bohemian Forest region. - Silva Gabreta 17, 55-67.

Suchara, I. - Sucharová, J. (2000): Distribution of long-term accumulated atmospheric deposition loads of metal and sulphur compounds in the Czech Republic determined through forest floor humus analyses. - Acta Pruhoniciana 69, 1-177.

Suchara, I. - Sucharová, J. - Holá, M. (2007): Bio-monitoring of the atmospheric deposition of elements using moss analysis in the Czech Republic. Results of the international bio-monitoring programme UNECE ICP-Vegetation 2000. Part II: Optional elements for the bio-monitoring programme. - Acta Pruhoniciana 87, 1-186.

Suchara, I. - Sucharová, J. - Holá, M. - Reimann, C. - Boyd, R. - Filzmoser, P. - Englmaier, P. (2011): The performance of moss, grass, and 1- and 2-year old spruce needles as bio-indicators of contamination: a comparative study at the scale of the Czech Republic. - Sci. Tot. Env. 409, 2281-2297.

Sucharová, J. - Suchara, I. (2004): Bio-monitoring the atmospheric deposition of elements in the Czech Republic. Results of the international bio-monitoring programme UNECE ICP-Vegetation 2000. Part I: Elements required for the bio-monitoring programme. - Acta Pruhoniciana 77, 1-135.

Sucharová, J. - Suchara, I. - Holá, M. (2008): Contents of 37 elements in moss and their temporal and spatial trends in the Czech Republic during the last 15 years. Fourth Czech bio-monitoring survey pursued in the framework of the international programme UNECE ICP-Vegetation 2005/2006. - 96 str. Výzk. úst. S. Taroucy kraj. okras. zahrad., Průhonice.

Sucharová, J. - Suchara, I. - Holá, M. - Maříková, Š. - Reimann, C. - Boyd, R. - Filzmoser, P. - Englmaier, P. (2012): Top-/bottom-soil ratios and enrichment factors: What do they really show? - Appl. Geochem. 27, 138-145.